Ancient & Classical World
This Roman emperor moved the imperial capital to Byzantium in 330 AD, renaming the city after himself.
Who was Constantine the Great?
This Swedish king, known as the "Lion of the North," turned the tide of the Thirty Years' War before dying at the Battle of Lützen.
Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
Signed in March 1918, this treaty officially ended Russia's participation in World War I.
What is the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
This Chinese dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan in 1271, was the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China.
What is the Yuan Dynasty?
Toussaint Louverture was a primary leader of this revolution, which created the world's first independent Black-led republic in 1804.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
During the Peloponnesian War, this Athenian leader delivered a famous Funeral Oration before dying of the plague in 429 BC.
Who was Pericles?
The War of the Jenkins' Ear (1739–1748) was fought primarily between Britain and this European power.
What is Spain?
This secret 1916 agreement partitioned the Ottoman Empire's Arab provinces between Great Britain and France.
What is the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
This 1850–1864 uprising in China, led by Hong Xiuquan (who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus), resulted in an estimated 20 to 30 million deaths.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
Known as "El Libertador," this military general led Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire.
Who was Simón Bolívar?
This ancient treaty, signed around 1259 BC between Ramses II and Hattusili III, is the earliest known surviving peace treaty in history.
Treaty of Kadesh?
This 1385 battle secured Portuguese independence from Castile and established the Aviz Dynasty.
What is the Battle of Aljubarrota?
In 1954, French forces were decisively defeated by the Viet Minh at this battle, ending French colonial rule in Indochina.
What is the Battle of Dien Bien Phu?
In 1592 and 1597, Japanese regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched two massive, unsuccessful invasions of this East Asian peninsula.
What is Korea?
In 1822, Prince Pedro declared independence from his mother country and established an empire in this South American nation.
What is Brazil?
In 53 BC, Roman general Crassus was decisively defeated and killed by the Parthians at this famous battle.
What is the Battle of Carrhae?
This short-lived conflict in 1778–1779 between Prussia and Austria over the Bavarian succession was lightheartedly nicknamed the "Potato War."
What is the War of the Bavarian Succession?
This 1898 diplomatic incident between France and Britain over a remote outpost on the White Nile nearly sparked a war between them.
What is the Fashoda Incident?
Admiral Yi Sun-sin famously repelled Japanese forces using these heavily armored, iron-roofed warships during the Imjin War.
What are Turtle Ships (Geokbukseon)?
This Chilean statesman was overthrown and died during a U.S.-backed military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet on September 11, 1973.
Who was Salvador Allende?
This Hellenistic kingdom's ruler, Pyrrhus, defeated the Romans at Heraclea and Asculum, giving rise to the term for a costly victory.
What is Epirus?
This Holy Roman Emperor issued the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure his daughter Maria Theresa could inherit Habsburg lands.
Who was Charles VI?
This 1905 agreement, secret at the time, saw the United States recognize Japan's suzerainty over Korea in exchange for Japan recognizing U.S. authority over the Philippines.
What is the Taft-Katsura Agreement?
This 1600 battle ended the Sengoku period in Japan and established the dominance of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
What is the Battle of Sekigahara?
This 1810 priest triggered the Mexican War of Independence with his famous rally cry, the Grito de Dolores.
Who was Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla?