Separating Mixtures
Which method would you use to separate the various colors in a marker?
Chromatography
Sometimes, water is referred to as the universal ________.
Solvent
What are two common polar molecules?
Water, salt, sugar
Which state of matter does the following sentence describe? "Atoms in an energy state so low that they maintain their shape"
Solid
When you spin something to separate the different parts by density, such as blood, what separation method is this called?
Centrifugation
What is a solute?
The solute is what is being dissolved in the solvent. The solute is the minority substance. For example, tea with sugar has two solutes: the tea leaves dissolved in water, and the sugar dissolved in the tea.
What is a non-polar substance and how do you know?
Sand, oil (they don't dissolve in water)
When a solid goes down a state to being a liquid, we call this _____, but when a liquid becomes a solid we call is _______. (think about water...ice...)
Melting
Freezing
Simple distillation involves 2 substances while fractional involves more than 2.
Water is placed in a container with a small amount of sugar.
Soon, the sugar disappears.
What happened?
Would this work with salt?
The water dissolved the sugar, because sugar is soluble in water.
It would also work with salt, because salt is also water soluble. (And both are polar)
In a water molecule, what is the positive part?
The hydrogens are slightly positive and the oxygen is slightly negative.
What does paper chromatography separate?
Dyes or pigments
DAILY DOUBLE!
Explain how distillation works.
Distillation works by evaporating off the substance with the lower boiling point, then cooling it back into liquid form in a separate tube.
What is a solvent?
The solvent is the substance dissolving the solute. The solvent is the majority substance and the solute is the minority. Ex: A teaspoon of sugar in a cup of tea. Tea (water) is the solvent, and the sugar is the solute.
What is it called when two atoms share an electron in their out shell (valent shell)?
A covalent bond.
Surface tension is something that ________ has, which is why it "sticks" together.
Water (liquids)
How would you separate microscopic pieces of iron from a fine sulfur powder?
You would use a magnet because sulfur is not magnetic, but iron is.
DAILY DOUBLE!
What is polarity and why is it important?
Water is a polar substance. This means it has a part that is slightly positive and another part that is slightly negative. This unique property means that water can dissolve other polar substances easily.
A hydrogen bond is the name for the type of bond when water is attracted to another water molecule. What else is this called?
Cohesion.
What is adhesion?
When water is attracted to a different, non-water substance, like a glass.