Medieval Europe
The movement to drive Muslims out of Spain
Reconquista
A cultural revival in Europe (1300s–1500s
The Renaissance
A group of related families who pooled resources
Aillu
To sail completely around the world.
circumnavigate
A method of observation, experimentation, and reasoning to answer questions
The Scientific Method
A document limiting the king's power and protecting certain rights
Magna Carta
Focus on classical works and improving earthly life and self-worth
Humanism
Knotted-string device used for record-keeping
Quipu
2 devices used by sailors to navigate the seas in the Age of Exploration
The compass and the astrolabe
Which theory states that the sun is at the center of the solar system?
Church-run investigations to find and judge heretics
The Inquisition
A wealthy Florentine banking family who were patrons of the arts
Medici
Floating gardens used for farming near Tenochtitlan
Chinampas
He discovered the Cape of Good Hope
Bartolomeu Dias
He discovered gravity
Isaac Newton
To exclude someone from the Church community
Excommunication
Payments or documents thought to reduce punishment for sins
Indulgences
A labor tax system where people provided labor as payment
Mita System
An imaginary line set by the pope dividing new lands between Spain and Portugal
Line of Demarcation
He supported heliocentric theory and later recanted publicly to avoid excommunication
Galileo Galilei
Large population loss made labor scarce, giving peasants more power and weakening feudalism
Bubonic Plague
A German monk who challenged the sale of indulgences
Martin Luther
Built on an island in a lake; they used aqueducts to bring fresh water.
Tenochtitlan, Aztecs
The voyage transporting enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas
The Middle Passage
A system where a monarch's powers are limited by law and a legislative branch helps govern
Constitutional Monarchy