Semantic types
Which scholar classified phraseological units into fusions, unities, and collocations?
V. V. Vinogradov
Which scholar developed the structural classification of phraseological units into one-top and two-top units?
A. I. Smirnitsky
Which functional type acts as a noun equivalent, as in “a nest-egg,” meaning “savings”?
Substantive phraseological units.
Which of Kunin’s classes names objects, states, or qualities, as in “a bull in a china shop”?
Nominative phraseological units — Class 1.
What semantic type has a meaning that cannot be guessed from the meanings of its individual components?
a phraseological fusion
Which two structural groups does Smirnitsky compare with affixed words and compound words, respectively?
one-top units and two-top units
Which functional type denotes an action or state, as in “to catch red-handed”?
Verbal phraseological units.
Which class includes proverbs and sayings that take the form of complete sentences?
Communicative phraseological units — Class 4.
“To play the first fiddle” means “to be a leader.” Which semantic type does it represent?
A phraseological unity. Its meaning is transferred but can be understood through the metaphorical image.
“To give up” is a one-top unit. Which structural subtype does it represent?
the verb + postposition type
Which functional type describes a quality, as in “penny wise and pound foolish”?
Adjectival phraseological units.
Which class includes “By George!” and other stable expressions of feelings and intentions?
Interjectional phraseological units — Class 3.
Which semantic type combines words in their original meanings, although their combinations differ across languages?
A phraseological collocation
“Now or never” and “part and parcel” are two-top units. Which structural subtype do they represent?
phraseological repetitions
Identify the functional types of “hand over fist” and “Hear! Hear!”
“Hand over fist” is an adverbial phraseological unit; “Hear! Hear!” is an interjectional phraseological unit.
“To break the ice” can become “The ice is broken.” Which class does it belong to, and why?
Nominative-communicative phraseological units — Class 2. This verbal word-group can be transformed into a sentence by using the passive voice.
Classify these three expressions according to the lecture: “on Shank’s mare,” “old salt,” and “cash and carry.” Give their meanings.
“On Shank’s mare” — fusion: on foot. “Old salt” — unity: an experienced sailor. “Cash and carry” — collocation: a self-service shop
Identify the structural subtypes of “in the course of,” “grey matter,” and “to read between the lines.”
prepositional-nominal, attributive-nominal, and verbal-nominal units.
Identify the functional types of “a thorn in the flesh,” “as long as,” and “in the course of.”
“A thorn in the flesh” is substantive; “as long as” is conjunctional; “in the course of” is prepositional.
Classify all four expressions according to Kunin: “wear and tear,” “to break the ice,” “By George!” and “A stitch in time saves nine.”
“Wear and tear” — nominative; “to break the ice” — nominative-communicative; “By George!” — interjectional; “A stitch in time saves nine” — communicative.