Learning
Learning is a lasting change in behavior that comes from ______.
Experience
Which psychologist said that short-term memory holds about seven items, plus or minus two?
George Miller
A mental category that groups similar things, like "bird" or "furniture," is called a
concept
Which scientist noticed that his dogs began to drool before the food even reached their mouths?
Ivan Pavlov
Before conditioning, a bell means nothing to a dog. It causes no drooling. What is the bell called at this point?
A neutral stimulus
Without rehearsal, about how long does information stay in short-term memory?
About 20 seconds
You forget the 3-digit code to your bike lock, so you try 000, 001, 002, and so on, until it opens. Which problem-solving strategy is this?
An algorithm
Which psychologist built a box where a rat learns to press a lever to get food?
B. F. Skinner
In operant conditioning, "positive" and "negative" do not mean good and bad. What does "negative" mean?
Old and new memories can get in each other's way. What is this kind of forgetting called?
Interference
In class, Maria was described as sensitive, thoughtful, and careful with words. Most people guessed she was a novelist, because she fit their picture of one. Which heuristic were they using?
representativeness heuristics
Which psychologist showed that children who watched an adult hit a Bobo doll would often hit it too?
Albert Bandura
Little Albert learned to fear a white rat. Soon he was also afraid of a white rabbit and a fur coat, which were never paired with the noise. What is this called?
Generalization
You are sure you read a story online, but a friend actually told it to you. You remember the story, but not where it came from. What is this called?
Source confusion
Mia is a gifted dancer but only average at math and reading. Which theory of intelligence would call her dancing a separate kind of intelligence?
Multiple Intelligences
Who memorized lists of nonsense syllables, like DAX and BOK, and tested himself to measure forgetting?
Ebbinghaus
A slot machine pays out after an unpredictable number of pulls. Which schedule of reinforcement is this?
variable ratio
After surgeons removed this brain structure, Henry Molaison could no longer form new memories of facts and events. What is it?
the hippocampus
Which theories in psychology claim that we do not need to posit mental representations in order to explain thinking?
Embodied/enactive
Which psychologist showed people a film of a car crash, then changed one word in the question she asked about it?
Elizabeth Loftus