Nature and Process of Science
What are some things to consider when designing an experiment?
A. Cost and availability of materials and resources.
B. How many people are available to help.
C. Which variables you will test and control at one time.
D. How many logbooks you will need.
C. Which variables you will test and control at one time.
A student observes actions that occurred in four different eggs. Which action describes only a chemical change?
a. a cut up egg
b. a stirred egg
c. a rotting egg
d. a dropped egg
c. a rotting egg
Before the invention of the lightbulb, Americans burned oil in lamps for light. Whale oil was popular biofuel for these lamps. Ship crews would hunt whales for their oil. They searched for the largest whales they could find so that they could obtain as much whale oil as possible. How might decades of whale hunting possibly affect the natural selection of the species?
A. The whales lost their legs.
B. The whales became slower.
C. The whales became smaller.
D. The whales changed their calls.
D. The whales changed their calls.
Desertification occurs when relatively dry regions of Earth become increasingly dry due to the loss of its bodies of water. This is often the result of human activities. Which of the following impacts on the environment would result from desertification?
A. Decreased air quality
B. Increased temperatures
C. Invasive Species
D. Loss of wildlife
B. Increased temperature
Scientific knowledge may change as new evidence or information is discovered. Which of the following would NOT be a result of new scientific research and information?
A. Binomial nomenclature is assigned to a recently identified plant species.
B. An endangered monkey species is put in a reserve for protection from extinction.
C. A newly discovered chemical element will be added to the periodic table of the elements.
D. A nonnative plant species will begin to reproduce rapidly after being introduced into a swamp ecosystem.
D. A nonnative plant species will begin to reproduce rapidly after being introduced into a swamp ecosystem.
Kim wanted to determine if certain seeds require sunlight in order to germinate. She placed one seed on a moist paper towel in the sunlight. She placed a second seed on an equally moist paper towel in a dark closet. The seed in the sunlight germinated but the seed in the dark closet did not. Kim concluded that this type of seed needs sunlight in order to germinate.
4. What is the dependent variable in Kim’s experiment?
A. Seed location
B. Seed germination
C. Amount of sunlight
D. Amount of moisture
C. Amount of sunlight
Green plants produce their own food during photosynthesis.
Which of these substances is also a product of photosynthesis?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Chlorophyll
C. Oxygen
D. Water
C. Oxygen
WORMS->ROBBINS->FOXES
If most of the worms are killed, which of the following statements describes what will happen to the number of robins and why?
A. The number of robins will increase because there are fewer worms to eat them.
B. The number of robins will decrease because there are not enough worms for them to eat.
C. The number of robins will stay the same because the worms are killed, not the robins.
D. The number of robins will stay the same because a change in the population of worms will not affect any other population of organisms.
B. The number of robins will decrease because there are not enough worms for them to eat.
On Earth, the water cycle is responsible for much of the local
weather patterns. Which spheres interact as ground water
evaporates to form clouds?
A. Biosphere and cryosphere
B. Atmosphere and geosphere
C. Hydrosphere and atmosphere
D. Geosphere and Biosphere
C. Hydrosphere and atmosphere
The water level at the beach changes during the day. What causes the different water levels?
A.Earth’s revolution
B.the Moon’s rotation
C.Earth’s magnetic field
D.the Moon’s gravitational pull
D.the Moon’s gravitational pull
Kim wanted to determine if certain seeds require sunlight in order to germinate. She placed one seed on a moist paper towel in the sunlight. She placed a second seed on an equally moist paper towel in a dark closet. The seed in the sunlight germinated but the seed in the dark closet did not. Kim concluded that this type of seed needs sunlight in order to germinate.
Which of the following would best describe an improvement to Kim’s experiment that would strengthen her claim?
A. Start the samples on different days.
B. Use different amounts of water.
C. Place the seeds in new locations.
D. Use many seeds to conduct the experiment.
C. Place the seeds in new locations.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed. Which of the following best describes this category?
a. Theory
b. Law
c. Hypothesis
d. Conclusion
b. Law
Which sequence identifies the levels of organization of body structures in a human from simplest to most complex?
A. cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system
B. organ system -> cell -> tissue -> organ
C. tissue-> organ -> organ system -> cell
D. cell -> tissue -> organ ->organ system
D. cell -> tissue -> organ ->organ system
Many processes on Earth occur at or near tectonic plate boundaries. Which geological events are most common along tectonic plate boundaries?
A. Erosion and deposition
B. Hurricanes and tornadoes
C. Earthquakes and volcanoes
D. Weather and climate
C. Earthquakes and volcanoes
The climate of an area can be different from its weather. Which of the following statements describes the climate of an area?
A.There should be heavy rains tomorrow morning.
B.The rains next week are expected to cause some flooding.
C.The average temperature from 1930–1996 was 23°C (74°F).
D.The high temperature on September 4, 2009, was 32°C (89°F).
C.The average temperature from 1930–1996 was 23°C (74°F).
In scientific research, scientists should clearly publish the procedures used in their experiments, along with their observations and data. Why is it important for someone else to know the procedure?
A. Knowing the procedure allows for replication of the experiment.
B. Knowing the procedure helps others understand the reasons for the experiment.
C. Knowing the procedure allows for the experiment to be repeated.
D. Knowing the procedure can explain how the data were interpreted by the scientist.
A. Knowing the procedure allows for replication of the experiment.
Harry uses a pulley to put up a bucket of water from a well. He uses chemical energy in his body to apply
mechanical energy to the system. Which of the following energy transformations also occurs as the bucket rises?
a. Energy is gained as potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
b. Energy is gained as kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy.
c. Energy is conserved as potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
d. Energy is conserved as kinetic energy is transformed to potential energy.
a. Energy is gained as potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
In the mid-nineteenth century, the discoveries of many scientists were combined to develop the modern cell theory. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
A. All cells have the same internal structure
B. Cells are produced from existing cells
C. Cells are the basic units of structure in living things
D. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
A. All cells have the same internal structure
Deforestation occurs when large areas of trees are cut down. Which of the follo
wing impacts on the environment would result from deforestation?
A.increased erosion
B.colder temperatures
C. decreased carbon dioxide
D. greater oxygen production
A.increased erosion
When a candle is lit, the wick burns, the wax melts, the candle changes shape, and the air around the candle heats up. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
A. the wick burning
B. the wax melting
C. the candle changing shape
D. the air around the candle heating up
A. the wick burning
Astronomers send probes to other planets to take pictures of their surfaces. An astronomer thinks that briny water flows on Mars because he noticed certain features in one picture of Mars. Which method did the astronomer use to form this hypothesis?
A. Reading scientific literature
B. Conducting a scientific investigation
C. Analyzing a scientific procedure
D. Conducting a controlled experiment
B. Conducting a scientific investigation
On a hot summer day in Florida, Sarah was having a picnic with her family. She took a glass, which had been sitting in the Sun, and filled it with ice cubes from a cooler. Then she added lemonade from a thermos jug. Which of the following describes one direction in which heat will flow?
a. From the ice cube to the glass.
b. From the lemonade to the glass.
c. From the lemonade to the ice cube.
d. From the ice cube to the lemonade.
c. From the lemonade to the ice cube.
Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
A. cell wall
B. cytoplasm
C. cell membrane
D. nucleus
A. cell wall
The oldest rock formation identified on Earth is found on the shoreline of Hudson Bay in Canada.
This rock formed 4.28 billion years ago. Which information does a scientist need to most accurately determine the age of a rock?
A. the percentage of each mineral that makes up the rock
B. the thickness of younger rock layers that cover the rock
C. the amount of each radioactive element present in the rock
D. the amount of weathering present on the surface of the rock
C. the amount of each radioactive element present in the rock
Luis rubbed a balloon on his hair and held the balloon next to the wall. He observed the balloon stick to the wall. Which of the following is responsible for the balloon sticking to the wall?
A.gravity
B.friction
C.electric force
D.magnetic force
C.electric force