ROME CONQUERS ITALY
Rome gradually brought most of this peninsula under its control before expanding across the wider Mediterranean.
What is the Italian Peninsula?
This powerful North African city became Rome’s greatest rival for control of the western Mediterranean.
What is Carthage?
This Carthaginian general became Rome’s greatest enemy during the Second Punic War. First and last name, please.
Who was Hannibal Barca?
This Roman commander ultimately defeated Hannibal and received the honorary name “Africanus.”
Who was Scipio Africanus?
This final conflict between Rome and Carthage ended in 146 BCE.
What was the Third Punic War?
These fierce mountain peoples of central and southern Italy fought a series of major wars against Rome during the fourth and third centuries BCE.
Who were the Samnites?
Rome and Carthage fought these three enormous conflicts between 264 and 146 BCE.
What were the Punic Wars?
Hannibal famously crossed this mountain range with his army and war elephants to invade Italy and surprise Rome.
What are the Alps?
Scipio forced Hannibal to leave Italy by attacking Carthaginian power on this continent.
What is Africa?
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This Roman statesman repeatedly ended his speeches by demanding that Carthage be destroyed.
Who was Cato the Elder?
Rome strengthened its control over conquered Italy by constructing this major transportation route for armies, trade, and communication, that ran north-south along the Appennine Mountains.
What is the Appennine Way?
Control of this large Mediterranean island helped trigger the First Punic War.
What is Sicily?
At this enormous battle in 216 BCE, Hannibal surrounded and annihilated a much larger Roman army using a double-envelopment maneuver.
What was the Battle of Cannae?
This battle in 202 BCE ended with Hannibal’s decisive defeat and effectively concluded the Second Punic War.
What was the Battle of Zama?
Roman forces finally captured and destroyed Carthage in this year.
What is 146 BCE?
Rather than ruling every defeated community in exactly the same way, Rome often bound Italian peoples to itself through this flexible system of treaties, alliances, and varying levels of citizenship.
What is the Roman alliance system?
To challenge Carthage at sea, the inexperienced Romans constructed fleets and developed this boarding device that turned naval battles into something resembling infantry combat.
What is the corvus?
Rather than repeatedly confronting Hannibal in major battles, this Roman commander advocated avoiding decisive combat while wearing down the Carthaginian army, gaining the moniker "the delayer".
Who was Fabius Maximus?
Scipio’s campaigns in this peninsula destroyed Carthage’s principal overseas power base and deprived Hannibal of important reinforcements.
What is the Iberian Peninsula—or Spain?
According to the historian Polybius, this Roman commander wept while watching Carthage burn because he reflected that the same fate might someday befall Rome itself.
Who was Scipio Aemilianus?
At this humiliating 321 BCE defeat, a trapped Roman army was forced to surrender to the Samnites and pass beneath a symbolic yoke of an ox cart.
What was the Battle of the Caudine Forks?
After its defeat in the First Punic War, Carthage expanded into this region, creating a new power base that would eventually provide Hannibal with troops and resources for his invasion of Italy.
What is Spain—or Iberia?
According to the famous story, the young Hannibal swore this lifelong promise at an altar at the urging of his father Hamilcar Barca.
What was eternal hatred—or enmity—toward Rome?
At Zama, Roman troops opened lanes in their formations to neutralize the charge of these intimidating Carthaginian war beasts.
What were war elephants?
After his defeat at Zama, Hannibal spent much of the remainder of his military career advising this Hellenistic empire, before his dramatic suicide to avoid Roman capture.
What was the Seleucid Empire?