Humanism & Renaissance thinkers
This Italian is often called the “Father of Humanism” for recovering classical texts and writing about the inner life of the individual.
Who is Petrarch?
This technique used geometry to create the illusion of depth and three-dimensional space.
What is linear perspective?
This Florentine wrote The Prince as practical advice on how rulers actually gain and keep power.
Who is Machiavelli?
This invention made books and pamphlets cheap and fast, helping Reformation ideas reach a wide audience.
What is the printing press?
This 1534 law made Henry VIII the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
This writer of the Decameron helped recover classical texts and explored everyday human behavior.
Who is Boccaccio?
This artist is the classic “Renaissance man,” skilled in art, science, engineering, and careful observation of nature.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
This English humanist wrote Utopia, an imaginary society used to criticize the problems of his own time.
Who is Thomas More?
This Swiss reformer led changes in Zurich and was more radical than Luther on images and the Lord’s Supper.
Who is Ulrich Zwingli?
Henry’s break with Rome began mainly because the Pope refused to grant him this.
What is an annulment?
This educational program taught grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy to prepare people for active civic life.
What is the studia humanitatis?
This artist created the David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, emphasizing powerful human figures.
Who is Michelangelo?
Machiavelli argued it is safer for a ruler to be this rather than loved, if he must choose.
What is feared?
This reformer settled in Geneva, wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion, and taught predestination.
Who is John Calvin?
This queen tried to restore Catholicism in England and executed many Protestants.
Who is Mary I?
Humanists searched monasteries and benefited from Greek scholars fleeing this city after 1453.
What is Constantinople?
Renaissance artists studied real human bodies so figures looked natural instead of stiff.
What is realistic anatomy?
More’s imaginary island had no private property, limited work, and a focus on education and reason.
What is Utopia?
In Geneva, this body of pastors and elders oversaw moral behavior and church discipline.
What is the consistory?
Elizabeth I created this moderate Protestant settlement that became the lasting Church of England.
What is the Elizabethan Religious Settlement?
Humanists believed studying the classics could make people wiser, more eloquent, and better citizens.
What is the goal of humanist education / civic humanism?
Renaissance art reflected a new confidence in human ability and the beauty of the natural world.
What is the influence of humanism on art?
Machiavelli described power as it is; More imagined power as it could be.
What is realism versus idealism?
Some German princes supported the Reformation partly to gain control of Church lands and reduce the Pope’s power.
What is political support for the Reformation?
This council clarified Catholic doctrine, corrected abuses, and the Jesuits (founded by Ignatius of Loyola) focused on education and missions.
What is the Council of Trent and the Catholic Counter-Reformation?