{{Renaissance}}

Lesson I

300

_{What attracted nobles and peasants to move to cities and towns in the 1300s?}

_{Peasants were drawn to towns by the promise of wages. Nobles were also attracted to towns for economic reasons. They saw opportunities to make money by buying property and holding public office.}

475

_{What was “reborn” during the Renaissance?}

_{The art and literature was reborn from the Renaissance. Also, learning of ancient ancient Greece and Rome preserved by Byzantine and Islamic scholars.} 

555

_{Why did the Renaissance begin in the Italian city-states and not elsewhere in Europe?}

_{Because they were located near the Mediterranean Sea, the Italian city-states served as a natural crossroads.} 

750

_{Why did Florence become the artistic center of the Renaissance?}

_{Florence became the artistic center of the Renaissance because of its great location near major trade routes. Its banking also encouraged many businesses. Then many could get people to buy things like the Medici building churches.}

1500

_{Describe how the ideas of the Renaissance spread from Italy to other parts of Europe.}

                                          _&

_{How did Renaissance ideas influence writers in Northern Europe to bring about reforms in the Church and society?}

_{It spread when scholars traveled to different places and took new learning back to their home countries.} 

                                     _&

_{It influenced them to bring about reforms in Church and society by trying to organize human affairs. Also, people claimed the Church had abandoned Christian mortality for empty rituals and ceremonies.} 

Lesson II

300

_{How did Renaissance art differ from medieval art in style and subject?}

_{Some were religious and some were not religious. Others, had religious art except that they changed some of the actual events with their own ideas.}

475

_{How did the use of perspective affect art produced during the Renaissance?}

_{They used realism and linear perspective to show depth and space.}

555

_{What was the main influence on Renaissance architects?}

_{The main influence was proportions.}

750

_{What craft did Renaissance engineers pioneer?}

_{They pioneered the craft of technical drawing.} 

1500

_{Write the name of the Renaissance writer most closely connected with each of the following words:}

1. _vernacular

2. _sonnet

3. _picaresque

_{Vernacular-Dante}

_{Sonnet-Shakespeare}

_{Picaresque-Cervantes}

Lesson III

300

_{How did the Renaissance change education in Europe?}

_{More things like books and family members or tutors used things like printed books in the vernacular to teach children how to read and write.} 

475

_{What effect did the Renaissance have on the role of women?}

_{The young girls did not receive a formal education. However, women increased in politics and the arts.}

555

_{If printing had been done for centuries, why is Gutenberg’s printing press considered a revolutionary technology?}

_{Because of all the ways that you could print from Gutenberg's printing press.}

750

_{What was the effect of the sudden availability of larger amounts of reading material?}

_{Because of the mass printing rising, the literacy rate raised up. More people began to read different kinds of readings.}

1500

_{Why did the Catholic Church try to censor reading material?}

_{Because the Church tried to from people's ideas with censorship.}

Lesson IV

300

_{What practices of the Catholic Church did Luther object to? How did he share his objections?}

_{He opposed indulgence and 5 out of the 7 sacraments. He also did not like the money that was involved.}

475

_{What was the Diet of Worms, and what was its result?}

_{It was a meeting when Martin Luther was put on trial. He did not withdraw his words and stood firm for God. The result was Luther was branded as an outlaw.}

555

_{What happened to the protest against the Catholic Church that Martin Luther had begun?}

_{A french scholar named John Calvin became the most influential of the protestant leaders.}

750

_{A french scholar named John Calvin became the most influential of the protestant leaders.}

_{Lutheranism says salvation is achieved through faith alone. Calvinism says God alone predetermines who will be saved.}

1500

_{Who was Ignatius of Loyola?}

_{As a young man, he entered military service and was seriously injured in battle. While recovering, Ignatius read about the lives of Jesus and the saints. Inspired, he vowed to lead a vowed to lead a religious life.}

Lesson V & VI

300

_Copernicus

1. _{Polish astronomer, 25 years studying space. He created the heliocentric theory.}

475

_Kepler

1. _{German astronomer who proved the Earth revolves around the sun.}

555

_Galileo

1. _{Italian mathematician. He supported the theory that Copernicus made. The Catholic Church accused him of heresy. He was the first scientist to use experiments to discover laws of nature. Influencer.}

750

_Newton 

1. _{Discovered the force of gravity. He found out that objects pull with greater gravitational force than less massive objects.}

1500

_Bacon

_&

_Descartes

_{Bacon invented the use of inductive reasoning.He put a high priority on knowledge.                   &}

1. _{He questioned existence.}