Substances and Mixtures
Solutions
Solubility and Concentration
Acids and Bases
pH
100
Are mixtures chemically bonded together? What about compounds?
Mixtures are not chemically bonded together, while compounds are.
100
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
A solution.
100
Define solubility. Define concentration.
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent.
Concentration is the amount of solute in a given solution.
100
What are H3O+ ions? What are OH- ions?
H3O+ ions are hydronium ions. OH- ions are hydroxide ions.
100
What is the range of the pH scale?
From 0 to 14.
200
What is the difference between a substance and a mixture?
A substance is matter that is made up of the same combination of atoms every time. A mixture is two or more substances that are blended together.
200
What two things make up a solution? Which exists in the greatest quantity?
Solutes and solvents make up a solution. The solvent exists in the greatest quantity.
200
Which three factors can change the speed that a solute dissolves in a solution?
Stirring the solution, crushing the solute, or increasing the temperature.
200
Name three household acids and three household bases.
Acids: fruits, vegetables, milk, vinegar, carbonated drinks, etc.
Bases: detergent, dish soap, baking soda, ammonia, etc.
200
As substances get more basic, does the pH get lower or higher?
Higher.
300
What is the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?
Heterogenous mixtures are not evenly mixed, whereas homogeneous mixtures are.
300
Polar solvents best dissolve what type of molecules? What about nonpolar solvents?
Polar solvents best dissolve polar molecules (and ionic compounds). Nonpolar solvents best dissolve nonpolar solvents.
300
Which two factors can change the solubility of a solute in a solution?
Temperature and pressure.
300
When dissolved in water, which ions do acids and bases produce?
Acids produce a hydronium ion and bases produce a hydroxide ion.
300
An indicator shows pH by doing what when dipped into a solution?
Changing color.
400
Can mixtures be physically separated? What about compounds?
Mixtures can, compounds can't because they are chemically bonded.
400
Give an example of a solution in each state of matter (gas, liquid, and solid).
Gas: Air, etc.
Liquid: Salt water, sugar water, milk, etc.
Solid: Any metal alloy, etc.
400
Pressure most affects the solubility of solutions containing which state of matter?
Gas.
400
Organize the following substances:
Drain Cleaner: 13.0
Tomatoes: 4.0
Seawater: 7.8
a. Most acidic to least acidic.
b. Most basic to least basic.
c. Highest OH- concentration to lowest OH- concentration.
a. Tomatoes, seawater, drain cleaner.
b. Drain cleaner, seawater, tomatoes.
c. Drain cleaner, seawater, tomatoes.
400
Does a substance with a pH of 9 have more hydronium or hydroxide ions?
Hydroxide.
500
Give one example of a substance and one example of a mixture.
Substance: a, g
Mixture: b, c, d, e, f, h
500
What type of molecule is this? What type of molecules will it best dissolve?
This is a polar molecule (positive and negative side) and it would best dissolve other polar molecule.
500
Mass per volume is used to describe the concentration of a solution made of what states of matter?
A solid dissolved in liquid.
500
What needs to happen to the concentration of hydronium ions if you want to get the pH of water to 7.0 when it is currently 7.8?
The concentration of hydronium ions need to increase.
500
How much less acidic is a soft drink with a pH of 3.0 than stomach acid with a pH of 1.0?
3 - 1 = 2
102 = 100
Stomach acid is 100 times more acidic than the soft drink.