A Nation Divided
What issue was central to the conflict between the North and South, especially in debates over new territories?
Slavery and whether it would expand.
What name was used for the states that remained part of the United States?
The Union.
This early battle near Washington, D.C., ended in a Confederate victory and showed that the war would not be quick or easy.
First Battle of Bull Run/First Manassas.
This 1863 battle in Pennsylvania stopped Lee’s invasion of the North.
Gettysburg.
In this short speech, Lincoln honored fallen soldiers and connected the war to equality and preserving democratic government.
The Gettysburg Address.
Who won the presidential election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln.
Which side had more factories and could produce more weapons and supplies?
The North/Union.
This bloody 1862 battle in Tennessee ended in a Union victory after a Confederate surprise attack.
Shiloh
The surrender of this Mississippi city helped give the Union control of the Mississippi River.
Vicksburg.
This proclamation declared enslaved people in designated areas still in rebellion against the United States to be free.
The Emancipation Proclamation
What does secession mean?
Leaving the Union.
How did the North’s larger railroad network help its war effort?
It moved troops, food, equipment, and other supplies.
This battle in Maryland became the bloodiest single day in American military history.
Antietam
Union forces captured this important Southern railroad and manufacturing center in 1864.
Atlanta.
Why didn’t the Emancipation Proclamation immediately free every enslaved person in the country?
It did not apply to loyal slave states or certain exempted areas, and enforcing it in Confederate territory depended on Union advances.
Why did Southern leaders see Lincoln’s election as a threat?
His opposition to slavery’s expansion threatened their political power and the future of slavery.
Name two advantages the Confederacy had.
Fighting on familiar territory; fighting a defensive war; some experienced military commanders. Accept other well-explained answers.
Put these battles in order: Antietam, Gettysburg, First Bull Run, Shiloh.
First Bull Run → Shiloh → Antietam → Gettysburg.
What was Sherman trying to accomplish by destroying railroads, supplies, and other resources during his March to the Sea?
Weaken the South’s ability and willingness to continue fighting.
Name the Confederate general who surrendered to Grant in April 1865 and the place where the surrender occurred.
Robert E. Lee; Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Name two Union advantages and explain how each helped it fight a long war.
Examples include more people to supply soldiers and workers, more factories to produce supplies, more railroads to transport them, and a stronger navy to blockade Southern ports.
Why did Antietam give Lincoln an opportunity to announce the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?
The Union stopped Lee’s invasion, allowing Lincoln to announce it after a military success rather than appearing to act out of desperation.
Explain why both Gettysburg and Vicksburg were major Union successes.
Gettysburg stopped Lee’s invasion of the North. Vicksburg helped secure the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.
How did the Union’s goals change during the war?
Preserving the Union remained a goal, while emancipation became an explicit Union war goal.