Definitions
What is an indulgence?
A privilege that shortened one’s time in purgatory
Who wrote Utopia?
Thomas More
What preacher was chosen to travel and sell the idea of indulgences?
Johann Tetzel
Did Martin Luther recant (take back) his statements after Pope Leo’s papal bull or while attending the Diet of Worms?
No!
What is an action the Council of Trent took in order to correct the course of the Catholic Church?
Answers vary
What was the Index of Forbidden Books?
A list of publications that loyal Catholics should not read
What was Erasmus’ The Praise of Folly describing?
Shows the corruption of the Church, as seen through the character of Folly
What man was told to help in the Counter-Reformation movement after asking Pope Paul III if he could minister to Muslims?
Ignatius of Loyola
What was Martin Luther’s greatest life work?
Translating the Bible into German
What drove King Henry VIII to break away from the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of the Church of England?
His persistent desire to end his marriage
Christian Humanists also studied ancient civilizations. However, they used these in order to gain a greater understanding of __________?
Christianity
What are the three ways that the Renaissance spread outside of Italy?
Exports, Armies, Merchants
What was The Diet of Worms?
A general assembly of the princes of Germany, held in the city of Worms
What were Martin Luther’s 95 Theses?
95 reasons explaining why indulgences were wrong
Who were the Jesuits?
New order of highly disciplined priests completely obedient to the pope
What is Purgatory?
A place where sinners were purged of their sins before moving on to Heaven
Describe what Thomas More’s Utopia was about
The citizens of Utopia live in a perfect world where everyone cooperates, shares, and deals fairly with one another
What was the Counter-Reformation?
Catholic leaders wanted to correct bad practices, clarify teachings, and turn people back to the Catholic Church
What is the difference between Italian and Northern European Renaissance art?
Italy: Emphasized beauty of humans
Northern Europe: Emphasized detail
What was the Council of Trent?
Series of meetings (25) held between 1545 and 1563
What was the Inquisition?
Church court that examined people and punished those whose beliefs went against Church teachings. Those accused and found guilty were imprisoned and/or tortured
What did people think after reading Utopia?
People knew they would never live in a perfect world; BUT, Utopia made people realize how imperfect their world was, especially the Christian Church
What did John Calvin believe about church organization?
This man believed churches should not be run by priests, but by a board of “elders” chosen from the congregation
What was Martin Luther’s first bold idea concerning Scripture?
Humans too sinful to earn forgiveness, so they must live by faith and depend on God’s mercy
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
Pope and other leaders to establish beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church