The Renaissance
What does the word "Renaissance" mean?
It's a French word for "Rebirth".
What does the word "Protestant Reformation" mean?
To protest (challenge) and to reform (to change).
During the Scientific Revolution, Scientists used _________ and __________ instead of traditional authority to find the truth about the world.
Acceptable answers: logic, reason, observation.
What is Absolutism?
Absolutism is a period when kings had ABSOLUTE power.
Who created the Printing Press?
Johannas Guttenberg
What was Europe like before the Renaissance?
Most people couldn't read or write, there was limited trade. Sometimes referred to as the "dark ages".
Who drove the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Describe the Scientific Method.
The Scientific Method starts with observation, raising questions, experimenting, and finding conclusions.
Why did Absolutism occur?
The church lost some power, the Kings gained power because of trade, wealth, and powerful armies.
What does secularism mean?
Non-Religious
Where did the Renaissance begin and why?
It began in Italy. Italian cities like Florence became wealthy through trade with the Ottomans.
What problems did Martin Luther find with the Church?
He did not like the Church's sale of indulgences, he believe the Church was acting like a business, he didn't believe the Pope had the single authority to interpret the Bible.
What is the difference between the Geocentric Theory and the Heliocentric Theory? Which one did the church believe in?
Geocentric Theory - the earth is in the center of the solar system. (Church believed in this one).
Heliocentric Theory - the sun is in the center of the solar system.
What are the characteristics of absolute monarchs?
They make the laws, they enforce the laws, they control the armies, they control the church.
How would you describe humanism?
It is focusing more on human achievements and the worldly life rather than God and the afterlife.
Why did Renaissance artists create statues of humans such as David or the Mona Lisa?
They wanted to focus on realism, they wanted to focus on the human as an amazing species, they wanted to show how skilled they were at creating realistic depictions of humans.
What language did Martin Luther translate the Bible to? Why?\
German, so most people could understand it.
It was previously only written in Latin or Greek.
What was Isaac Newton's contribution to science?
the laws of motion and gravity - physics.
How do absolute monarchs display their wealth?
They create large palaces, go to war, and sponsor paintings of themselves and their families.
What is a "Renaissance Man"? Who is considered the first "Renaissance Man"?
A Renaissance man is a man that is accomplished in many fields. Many historians consider Leonardo Da Vinci the first Renaissance man.
Renaissance focused more on humanism - human achievement rather than only on religion.
What REVOLUTIONARY technology helped spread the ideas of Martin Luther
The Printing Press
How did the Church respond to Galileo's confirmation of the Heliocentric Theory?
They put him on house arrest and he was forced to recant (take back his statements).
Give a positive and a negative impact of absolutism.
Negative: King Louis plunged France into debt with his military campaigns.
Positive: Peter the Great made Russia more advanced.
How did each of the following events weaken the Catholic Church to an extent?
The Black Death, The Renaissance, The Protestant Reformation, The Scientific Revolution, Absolutism
The Black Death: people questioned the Church's spiritual authority in crisis.
The Renaissance focused more on humans.
The Reformation created new denominations.
The Scientific Revolution challenged scientific theories from the church.
Absolute Monarchs gained more power with new wealth and large armies.