Causes
Who wrote a letter to the pope asking for help to fight the Muslims?
Emperor Alexius Komnenus
Where was the first siege the crusaders engaged in?
Nicaea
Who led the People's Crusade?
Peter the Hermit
Where did Pope Urban II make his speech?
Council of Clermont, France
What is the name of Anna Komnene's autobiography?
The Alexiad
Christians believed that if you committed ___, you would end up in ___?
sins, hell
Who used to control the Holy Land before the Seljuk Turks?
Byzantines
Where did Baldwin go while the others continued on to Antioch?
Edessa
Godfrey, Baldwin, and Raymond were from which country?
France
What were the two names for the crusaders?
Why did the abbot want Robert the Monk to rewrite Pope Urban's speech 25 years after?
It was too "rustic"
Name the three Abrahamic religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
consolidate his power and get rid of anti-pope, reunite east and west christians
Why did Raymond refuse the crown at the end?
Claimed it was because it was not right to be the King where Jesus had died. But really bc he knew he was no longer popular
Who was the papal legate?
Bishop Adhemar le Puy
What was the name of the Western European empire that the pope had power over?
Holy Roman Empire
Who is the author of the Gesta Francorum?
anonymous author, associated with Bohemund
What did the Byzantines actually refer to themselves as?
Romans
Name two things the Muslims were doing to the Byzantines when they invaded
circumcise boys and pour their blood into the baptismal font, degrade girls and women, force them to commit blasphemy
How long was the Siege of Antioch?
8 months
Before he was Bohemund of Antioch, he was Bohemund of ...?
Taranto
What was the capital of the Byzantine empire?
Constantinople
What does the Gesta Francorum translate to?
Deeds of the Franks
What was Baldwin's wife's name?
Godhilde
Pope Urban II ends his famous speech by saying what?
Deus Vult!
God wills it!
What did the People's Crusade do when they arrived in Germany?
massacred the Jews (pogroms)
Whose army did the papal legate choose to follow?
Raymond of Toulouse
What was the conflict between Pope Gregory and the emperor Henry in 1075 called?
The Investiture Controversy
Raymond of Aguilers wrote the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem - whose army was he part of?
Raymond of Toulouse
What was Godfrey's official title when he became "king" of Jerusalem?
Protector of the Holy Sepulchre
Who controlled the Holy Land when the First Crusade started and who controlled it by the time the crusaders arrived?
Seljuk Turks and then Fatimids
What was the Holy Lance (200 points) and how did Peter Bartholomew supposedly find it? (400 points)
A sword that a Roman soldier pierced Jesus with. Peter had a vision of St Andrew telling him that the Holy Lance could be found in the basilica in Antioch
The Christians referred to all non-Christians as what?
pagans
The Fulcher of Chartres wrote that the crusaders "cut pieces from the buttocks" of their dead enemies. But what was the part that truly shocked him?
They ate the flesh before it was even cooked
How many crusades were there in total?