Enter Title

1

100

• Explain how sound waves are amplified in the ear.

Ossicles by the middle ear.

200

• Which photoreceptors are responsible for color vision?

Cones.

300

• Name and describe the function of cranial nerve II (optic nerve).

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

400

• Outline the correct pathway of sound transmission through the ear.

Tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlear.

500

1. What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

Controls tongue movements.

2

100

• Define nociceptors and their classification.

These are pain receptors, fall into the free nerve endings. Detect harmful stimuli.

200

• Explain the role of the iris in pupillary control.

The iris is a smooth muscle that controls the size of  the pupil that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. Oculomotor sends the signal that constrict he pupil.

300

• Explain the function of cranial nerve VIII in hearing.

Transmits auditory information from the cochlear to the brain.

400

• Describe how visual fields are processed in the retina.

Light from the left is process by the right and vice versa. Backwards and upside down.

500

• Which nerve controls the superior oblique muscle?

Trochlear. CN XI controls the shrugging of the shoulders.

3

100

• Explain how we perceive salty taste.

The perception of sodium.

200

• Where is perilymph found and what is its function?

Vestibular canal.

300

• Identify the function of cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve).

Controls the lateral movements of the eye.

400

• Describe the connection between the lens and ciliary body.

The suspensory ligaments connect the ciliary body and the lens.

500

• Compare and contrast interoceptors and exteroreceptors.

Interoreceptor detect internal stimuli (blood pressure, heart rate). Exteroreceptors detect external stimuli (light, sound, temperature).

4

100

• What causes the sensation of sour taste?

The presence of hydrogen ions in food.

200

• What is the optic disc and why is it significant?

Point where the optic disc exist, has no rods no cones.

300

• What role does the oculomotor nerve play in pupil constriction?

Controls the constriction of the pupil.

400

• What is the role of the choroid in the eye?

Provides oxygen  and nutrients to the retina.

500

• Describe the function of the vagus nerve in relation to the thorax and abdomen.

Sends parasympathetic signals to the thorax and abdomen.

5

100

• Where are the ossicles located and name the three bones.

Located in the middle ear, incus, malleolus, and stapes. Auditory tube connects to the middle ear.

200

• What role does the trigeminal nerve play in facial sensation?

Provides sensation to the face and chewing.

300

• Which cranial nerve controls taste in the anterior tongue?

CN VII Facial

400

• Where are photoreceptors (rods and cones) located in the eye?

Retina.

500

• How many semicircular ducts are present in humans?

Three