Servers
Translates URLS into IP addresses using a distributed hierarchical system of servers, helping to route mail and connect devices on global networks
What is DNS
Each node has an immediate, direct connection to every other node
what is a mesh topology
direct connection between different devices
used for blockchain and cryptocurrency as its decentralised
Peer to Peer model
a blueprint or template that defines the attributes and methods for a type of object,uses no memory at run time
what is a class
Improved security
Improved performance
Contain cyber threats
Ensure compliance
What are adavantages of segmentation
Middleman between device and internet, as all requests go via it. Hides users IP as only proxy IP is shared, allowing for caching of web pages, content filtering and controlling network traffic
What is a proxy server
Combines two or more other topologies
Suited to larger scenarios
Each subnetwork can be organized independently of the other
what is hybrid topology
sends request to a central server (often all connected via switch or hub) and these are processed requests and sends back requested resources
What is client server architecture
is a specific instance of a class, with its own state/data. Mulitple can be instantiated from one class definition, these take up memory at runtime,
what is an object
•less irrelevant broadcast traffic reaches each device
•bandwidth is not consumed carrying broadcasts to unrelated groups
•devices perform less work processing frames not relevant to them
•particularly busy device groups can be separated from other users
•faults such as broadcast storms can be contained within a smaller area
what are improvements to network performance from segmentation
Digital post office that is used to send, receive and store email messages across a network. Uses protocols like SMTP, routes mail with DNS and allows for access to mail across multiple devices
What is a mail server
Central hub failure, entire network down.
One cable impacts on device only
What are the reliability limitations of star topology
Less centralized control /
No central server controls accounts, permissions, policies or updates.
what is a disadvantages of peer to peer for security
variable belongs to the class itself, rather than to any specific object instance created from that class, it has the same value for all instances of that class.
what is a static variable
creates boundaries between groups of devices.
Communication across those boundaries can be checked by a router, firewall, access-control list, or other policy-enforcement mechanism.
How does segmentation improve network security
Automatically assigns IP addresses and settings to devices when they join a network, saves times not having to configure this manually and can reuse addresses
What is DHCP
Complexity of architecture increases costs for hardware, installation and maintenance
What are some cost implications for a hybrid topology
Increasing numbers of independent peers can make the network more complex to maintain.
what are scalability issues ina. peer to peer topology
allows related objects/classes to exhibit different behaviour through a common interface, including method overriding.
what is polymorphism
Creating small subnet by dividing large IP network into smaller logical subnets
subnetting
•Use HTTPS, authentication, firewalls and security updates to protect websites and transmitted data.
what are security methods used by a web server
Dedicated point to point links results in simultaneous transmission of data without sharing bandwidth
What are advantages of mesh topology for transmission speed
Centralised data storage allows for simpler backing up of data
what are advantages of client server architecture
concerns controlling access to class members and protecting the integrity of an object's state, stops accidental or malicious changing of states in an object
what is encapsulation
logical grouping of devices forming a smaller separate broadcast domain, even when those devices use the same physical switches.
what is VLAN