bell’s palsy
True or False: Bell's palsy is sudden-onset, unilateral (one-sided), peripheral facial nerve (CN VI) paralysis
FALSE
Bell's palsy is sudden-onset, unilateral (one-sided), peripheral facial nerve (CN VII) paralysis
what does FAST stand for
Face, Arms, Speech, and Time
what is an upper motor neuron
the UMN pathway carries motor information from the brain to the motor nuclei of the brainstem or spinal cord
yes, CN VII is not purely motor, it can affect special sensory —> anterior 2/3 of tongue and parasympathetic —> lacrimal and salivary glands
what is the epidemiology of bell’s palsy in australia
The annual incidence is estimated to be 11–40 per 100,000, with a lifetime risk of one in 60.
how many strokes occur a day in australia in 2023
113
what is a lower motor neuron
where did the name Bell’s palsy come from
Bell's palsy is named after Sir Charles Bell, a 19th-century Scottish surgeon and anatomist who first described the connection between the facial nerve and facial paralysis
what’s the most common cause of Bell’s palsy
it’s idiopathic
Atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, lifestyle factors - obesity, males
weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, clonus, babinski sign (+ve), increased tone
Who is driving to the airport twice this holiday
Elisha
name three risk factors for bell’s palsy
1. reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
2. pregnancy
3. diabetes
4. hypertension
5. obesity
5. recent viral infection
6. upper respiratory infection
7. family history of bell’s palsy
8. immunosuppresion
what is the different nerve lesion in a stroke vs bell’s palsy
stroke - upper motor neuron corticobulbar lesion
name 3 LMN lesion signs
hyporeflexia, marked wasting (muscle wasting), hypotonia, weakness, paralysis
When is HP part 1 due
Today 2355
what is the clinical differentiation between bell’s palsy and a stroke and why
bell’s palsy - whole face including forehead while stroke - lower face, forehead spared, because its upper motor neuron
what are the three types of stroke
Ischemic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke, Transient ischemic attack
Ischemic stroke a blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked, usually by a thrombus or an embolus
Hemorrhagic stroke: a blood vessel ruptures and bleeds into the brain. Two subtypes: intracerebral hemorrhage (bleeding into brain tissue) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding into the space around the brain, often from an aneurysm rupture).
Transient ischemic attack (TIA): transient neurological dysfunction from focal ischaemia, typically lasting under an hour, without infarction. Often a warning sign of future stroke
List 3 risk factors for UMN/LMN lesions
how many more ICLs is Lachie attending
TBC