Religion
Which religion was found favorable by ordinary citizens in East Asia and why?
Buddhism; it is approachable and differs from the strict caste system of Hinduism
Which decentralized system did Europe rule by in 1200-1450?
Feudalism; vassals and serfs were granted land and protection by lords in exchange for military service, labor, and loyalty
Which trade route influenced Islam in West Africa as well as the gold and slave trade (Mali Empire)?
Trans-Saharan
Which social class preferred Hinduism and why?
The upper class; the caste system enforced strict classes and power
What connected North and South Song China that allowed efficient trade growth?
The Grand Canal
Notes:
Increased wealth
Name the religious institutions that monks would use as centers of learning and refuge
Monastaries
What Confucianist-inspired method of government was popular in imperial bureaucracies in East Asia?
Civil service exam; government role based on merit, not on family ties
Provide examples of 2 new trading cities that resulted from the Silk Road trade
Kashgar/Samarkand
Provide one of the authors/travelers from 1200-1450
1. Ibn Battuta writes the "Rihla" praising Muslim cities
2. Marco Polo writes "Travels of MP" thru the Silk Road
3. Margery Kempe wrote "The Book of MK" with a Christian perspective (1st English autobiogrophy)
What technologies facilitated long-distance business and trade efficiency?
1200-1450: MONSOON WINDS!!!, Camels, Paper Money, Compass, Astrolabe, Lateen Sails
What was the policy that legitimized kingship and unlimited rule (Philip II/ Louis XIV)?
The Divine Right of Kings; rule as "God's vessel"
What did imperial expansion rely on during the 1450-1750 period (specifically for the Ottomans/Mughals)?
Gunpowder ("gunpowder empires")/cannons
Name the system the Ottomans used in 1450-1750 to forward power and expansion, and define it.
The timar system: sultan grants land to timariots for military service
What was a fatal effect due to networks of exchange throughout Afro-Eurasia?
The Black Death
Note:
Massive decline in population, economy, trade, production, crops
How did investors reduce personal financial losses while funding exploration during the Age of Exploration?
joint-stock investments
Sharia law; moral and ethical code from the Quran that governs all aspects of life
A caliph(Ottoman) claims political/religious power, while the shah(Safavid) holds power over the government
What was the economic practice in 1450-1750 that believed in a rich mother country, state-funded expansion, and growth at the expense of other nations?
Mercantilism
Notes: European competition/shipbuilding, & navigation developments, missionary activity, caused by 3 G's
Which Spanish system exploited Indigenous labor by justifying it with Christianization, creating a racist society?
Encomienda System
Give 3 examples of American agricultural products or cash crops
Cash Crops: tobacco, sugar, cotton
Crops: corn, potatoes, rice, wheat, silver
What was the Ottoman "blood tax" that suppressed Balkan Christian elites by taking their sons to become a loyal infantry corps to the sultan (janissaries)?
Devshirme system
Name the 2 things the Manchu imposed on the Han to make them inferior
Banning intermarriage/qeue order hairstyle (symbol of submission to the Qing)
What did the Portuguese impose on the Indian Ocean for power and economic benefit?
What was the group of high-class women who were influential, educated, and owned property in the Ottoman Empire?
What facilitated the rapid spread of information in the Scientific Revolution and the Protestant Reformation?
The printing press by Johannes Gutenberg