Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
What laboratory value is the most important indicator used to stage CKD?
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate)
What is the hallmark urinary finding in acute nephritic syndrome?
Hematuria
Which dialysis modality is performed continuously over 24 hours in critically ill patients?
Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy (CKRT)
What imaging study is preferred to diagnose PKD?
Renal ultrasound
What urine output criterion is used in the diagnosis of AKI?
Less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr for greater than 6 hours
Name two major risk factors for developing CKD.
Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, advanced age
What characteristic urine color may be seen in glomerulonephritis?
Cola-colored urine
Which dialysis modality is most commonly performed in the home using the peritoneal membrane?
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
What medication can slow the progression of PKD?
Tolvaptan
During which phase of AKI does hyperkalemia most commonly occur?
Oliguric phase
A patient with CKD develops anemia. What is the most likely cause?
Decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys
What diagnostic test provides the definitive diagnosis for glomerular diseases?
Kidney biopsy
A patient is in septic shock and cannot tolerate rapid fluid removal. Which therapy would be preferred?
CKRT
What is the most common inherited genetic cause of kidney failure?
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
A trauma patient has gross hematuria after a motor vehicle crash. What organ injury should the nurse suspect?
Kidney injury
What stage of CKD requires kidney replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant)?
Stage 5 CKD (ESKD)
A patient with acute glomerulonephritis develops dyspnea, neck vein distention, and pulmonary edema. What complication is occurring?
Circulatory overload/heart failure
What complication of hemodialysis results from rapid cerebral fluid shifts?
Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
What is the most common symptom of kidney cancer?
Hematuria
What is the priority assessment finding indicating hemorrhagic shock in a patient with kidney trauma?
Hypotension with signs of hypovolemia
Why do many patients with CKD die before reaching ESKD?
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death.
What untreated infection commonly precedes postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
During CKRT, the nurse notices air in the tubing. What is the priority nursing action?
Stop the system according to protocol and prevent an air embolism.
What surgical procedure removes the kidney, adrenal gland, perinephric fat, and lymph nodes?
Radical nephrectomy
A patient with AKI develops severe hyperkalemia, fluid overload, increasing acidosis, and uremic symptoms. What treatment should the nurse anticipate?
Urgent dialysis