Reinforcement
This term refers specifically to the environmental consequence that reliably increases the future probability of a behavior, regardless of the behavior’s form.
What is a reinforcer?
A behavior analyst observes behavior in the classroom and records antecedents and consequences without manipulating any variables. This type of assessment is a _____.
What is a descriptive assessment?
In this condition, attention, tangibles, and low demands are freely available, eliminating the MO for problem behavior.
What is the control condition?
A clinician implements escape extinction for severe SIB. Behavior initially decreases, but then increases again during high-effort tasks. No alternative response has been reinforced. This is the most likely cause of relapse.
What is failure to reinforce an alternative response?
A behavior increases when a stimulus is presented, but only under conditions of deprivation. This is the behavioral process that explains this change.
What is an establishing operation altering reinforcer value?
Different topographies of behavior that all produce access to the same reinforcer are best conceptualized as belonging to this unit of analysis.
What is a response class (defined by function)?
A clinician has only interview data suggesting attention as a function. This is the best next assessment step.
What is conduct direct observation or descriptive assessment?
In the play condition, free access to reinforcement decreases the value of problem behavior. This is referred to as ____.
What is an abolishing operation?
A learner’s behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement. The clinician introduces competing stimuli, but behavior does not decrease. This is the most likely reason.
What is the stimuli are not functionally matched to the sensory reinforcement?
A behavior persists after reinforcement is discontinued, especially following an intermittent reinforcement history. This is the process that explains this persistence.
What is resistance to extinction?
This intervention reduces motivation by delivering reinforcement on a time-based schedule independent of behavior.
What is Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR)?
An FA produces undifferentiated results. This is the best next step to improve clarity.
What is modify the FA (e.g., extend sessions, adjust conditions, or improve discrimination)?
In the escape condition, task demands increase the value of termination of work; they function as this.
What is an establishing operation?
A behavior is maintained by attention. The clinician implements FCT, extinction, and occasional attention following problem behavior. Behavior becomes more persistent over time. This is the treatment error.
What is intermittent reinforcement of problem behavior increasing resistance to extinction?
A learner begins engaging in new forms of behavior after reinforcement for the original response is removed. This is referred to as ____.
What is extinction-induced response variation?
This assessment format is most efficient while still producing a reliable preference hierarchy by removing selected items after each choice.
What is multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO)?
Attention follows problem behavior frequently, but also occurs just as often when behavior does not occur. The behavior analyst concludes that attention is the function. This is the error in this assessment.
What is failure to compare conditional and background probabilities (false positive)?
In the attention condition, these are the SDs.
What are two chairs, paperwork/magazine/computer, and a person?
A clinician uses a mild verbal reprimand that initially has no effect. After pairing it repeatedly with a more intrusive punisher, the reprimand alone reduces behavior. This is the procedure that has been established.
What is conditioned punishment?
Two behaviors produce the same reinforcer, and increasing the effort for one shifts responding to the other. The principle that explains this shift is _____.
What is substitutability of reinforcers?
A learner engages in behavior maintained by both escape and automatic reinforcement. The clinician treats only escape. This is the expected treatment outcome.
What is partial reduction due to unaddressed automatic reinforcement?
An FA shows high responding in both escape and attention conditions. The behavior analyst implements escape extinction, and behavior decreases across all contexts. This is the most accurate interpretation.
What is initial FA misinterpretation, with behavior actually maintained by escape rather than multiple control?
This FA component differentiates conditions by signaling which consequence will follow behavior, rather than altering the value of that consequence.
What is the discriminative stimulus (SD)?
A clinician selects a punishment procedure because it is commonly used and less intrusive, without conducting an assessment. This is the primary conceptual error.
What is selecting punishment based on form rather than behavioral function?
A learner allocates more responses to one option as its reinforcement rate increases relative to another option, even though both remain available. This is the principle that governs this pattern of responding.
What is the matching law?