Summary
When did the abolitionist reform movement start?
Mid 18th century
This cause included the "middle passage" through the Triangular Trade Route.
What did members of the movement hold?
Abolition meetings
What did the American Anti-Slavery Society create?
Moral outrage over slavery
- Daughter of wealthy slave owning family in SC
- Believed slavery was a sin
- Moved to Philadelphia to become an abolitionist and activist of women's rights
- Published American Slavery As It Is
- Wrote anti-slavery literature sent to the south
Angelina Grimke
What was the reform movement common among?
Many different religious groups
What provoked anti-slavery sentiment? Hint: Maine & Missouri
The Missouri Compromise
What did members run for?
Political office
How were slaves and black people still seen during the reform movement?
They weren't seen as people, they were still "less than"
- Shared father's opposition to slavery
- Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin: Portrayal of suffering of enslaved people, plea for whites to end slavery
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Ex: Harper's Ferry
Violence
What event did ideas come from that inspired abolitionists to rise up against slavery that encouraged adopting renewed morals and centered the idea around men are created equal in the eyes of God?
The Second Great Awakening (Key Event)
What was sent to Congress?
Petitions
What did critics of the movement argue?
It was against the Constitution and that slavery should be decided by individual states.
- Journalist from MA, moved to Boston in 1828
- Founded anti-slavery newspaper, "The Liberator" in 1831
- "Moral suasion" and nonviolence
- Founding member of American Anti-Slavery Society
- Came to see Constitution as corrupt
William Lloyd Garrison
What type of thought encouraged the reform movement?
What act did Congress pass that required all enslaved people to return to their owners and for American citizens to cooperate with captures?
The Fugitive Slave Act
What goods were boycotted?
Ones made using slave labor
What attack was orchestrated by John Brown but failed?
Harper's Ferry
- Born into slavery in MD
- Learned to read, literacy was "pathway from slavery to freedom"
- Joined forces with Garrison
- Made his own newspaper, "The North Star"
- Helped recruit black soldiers to Union Army after Emancipation Proclamation was signed
Frederick Douglass
What was created to raise awareness about the evils of slavery and to eradicate slave ownership?
Anti-Slavery Societies
What decision meant that black people didn't have legal citizenship rights, and the owners had rights to take enslaved workers to western territories?
The Dred Scott Decision
Anti-slavery literature
What was used to help slaves escape slavery? Hint: The name is a figurative form of transportation
The Underground Railroad
- Believed in treating people of all races fairly
- Believed slavery was evil
- Led Pottawatomie Massacre in Kansas in 1856
- 1859 - He and others raided the armory at Harper's Ferry
- Captured and hanged, gave a speech at his trial
John Brown