Absolute Monarchs
Who was the French absolute monarch who built the famous Palace of Versailles to demonstrate his total power?
King Louise XIV "The Sun King"
Which scientist perfected the telescope to observe Jupiter's moons and supported the heliocentric theory?
Galileo Galilei
Which thinker believed that people cannot be trusted and need an absolute king to maintain law and order?
Thomas Hobbes
What concept claimed that God gave a monarch the absolute right to rule over their subjects?
Divine Right
What core tools did Enlightenment thinkers argue people should use to solve societal problems?
Logic and Reason
Which Czar of Russia modernized and "westernized" his country to adopt European customs and military power?
Peter the Great
Who developed the Heliocentric model proposing that the Sun (not Earth) is at the center of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who argued that all humans are born as a "blank slate" with natural rights to life, liberty, and property?
John Locke
After the Glorious Revolution in 1688, England transitioned from an Absolute Monarchy to what type of government?
A Constitutional Monarchy
Which famous document written by Thomas Jefferson heavily incorporated John Locke's ideals on natural rights?
The Declaration of Independence
Who was the Catholic King of Spain who used the Inquisition to increase his power and maintain strict Catholic orthodoxy?
Philip II
What was the ancient Geocentric theory that was challenged by Scientific Revolution astronomers?
The belief that Earth is the center of the universe
Which French philosopher strongly advocated for dividing government into separate branches?
Baron de Montesquieu
What legal right requires a prisoner to be brought before a judge to determine if their imprisonment is lawful?
Habeas Corpus
During the Age of Absolutism, what was the main goal of European kings and queens regarding state power?
Centralize power to control their nation
Which Puritan military leader took control of England, executed King Charles I, and enforced strict moral rules?
Oliver Cromwell
Who is best known for inventing calculus and discovering the universal laws of gravity and motion?
Isaac Newton
Which famous Enlightenment writer was best known for passionately defending Freedom of Speech and religious tolerance?
Voltaire
What were Enlightenment "salons", and who led these vital social gatherings?
Social gatherings to debate political ideas, led by influential women
Why did the Catholic Church oppose many discoveries of the Scientific Revolution?
They contradicted traditional Church teachings & authority
Who were offered the English throne after the Glorious Revolution, establishing a Constitutional Monarchy?
William and Mary I
What is the logical process of stating a problem, forming a hypothesis, researching, and drawing conclusions?
The Scientific Method
Which thinker stated that government is an agreement or Social Contract between rulers and the people?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which famous Enlightenment writer published works advocating for women's equal rights and education?
Mary Wallstonecraft
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Enlightenment?
(A) Inspired democratic revolutions (B) Increased religious tolerance (C) Monarchies were given longer terms
(C) Monarchies were given longer terms
(Enlightenment ideals actually challenged and limited absolute monarchy!)