Absolutism
The King of France known as the "Sun King" who ruled for over 70 years and exemplified absolute monarchy.
Who is Louis XIV?
An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
What is the Enlightenment?
The Tsar of Russia credited with modernizing and expanding the Russian Empire.
Who was Peter the Great?
A Greek astronomer known for developing the geocentric theory, which states that the Earth is the center of the universe.
Who is Ptolemy?
The establishment of centralized governments that influenced modern nation-states.
What is the legacy of absolutism?
A political system where a single ruler has complete control over the government and is not bound by laws or a constitution.
What is absolutism?
An Enlightenment philosopher who argued for natural rights and the social contract.
Who is John Locke?
An English philosopher known for his work on political philosophy, particularly in "Leviathan."
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe, a view supported by the Catholic Church until challenged by later astronomers.
What is the geocentric theory?
Through printed materials like books and pamphlets.
What is one way Enlightenment ideas spread?
The belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.
What are divine right theories?
The idea that individuals consent to form a government that will protect their rights in exchange for some of their freedoms.
What is social contract theory?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who is a philosopher who influenced the Enlightenment?
Nicolaus Copernicus, who argued that the stars and planets revolve around the sun.
Who proposed the heliocentric theory?
It led to discussions about constitutional limits on power.
How did absolutism influence modern governments?
Centralization of power in the hands of the monarch.
What is one characteristic of an absolute monarchy?
The promotion of democratic principles and the idea of government by consent.
What is one impact of the Enlightenment on government?
The separation of powers in government.
What did Montesquieu advocate for?
Johann Kepler, who formulated laws that describe the movements of planets around the sun.
Who discovered the three laws of planetary motion?
The end of absolute monarchy in France and the establishment of a republic.
What was the outcome of the French Revolution?
Thomas Hobbes.
Who wrote "Leviathan"?
A prominent Enlightenment thinker known for his advocacy of freedom of speech and religion.
Who is Voltaire?
An advocate for women's rights and author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman."
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
The principle that describes how the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas are related, formulated by Robert Boyle.
What is Boyle's Law?
Rights that people are born with, such as life, liberty, and property, as proposed by John Locke.
What are natural rights?