Definitions
An acid according to the Brønsted–Lowry theory.
What is substance that donates a proton (H⁺)?
The rule for naming acids that start with “hydro-”.
What are binary acids (no oxygen) which are named “hydro + root + ic acid.”?
This type of reaction occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.
What is a neutralization reaction?
This theory defines acids as substances that produce H⁺ ions in aqueous solutions.
What is the Arrhenius theory?
These energy levels surrounding the nucleus are where electrons are most likely to be found.
What are electron shells?
The substance formed when a base gains a proton.
What is a conjugate acid?
To name an acid that contains the polyatomic ion ending in “-ate”.
What is to change “-ate” to “-ic acid"?
These two ions combine to form water during an acid–base reaction.
What are H⁺ and OH⁻?
According to Arrhenius, these substances produce OH⁻ ions in water.
What are bases?
This scientific idea explains how atoms have changed over time through the work of scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr.
What is atomic theory?
A substance that accepts a proton (H⁺).
What is a base according to Brønsted–Lowry theory?
To name an acid that contains the polyatomic ion ending in “-ite”.
What is to change “-ite” to “-ous acid”?
In addition to water, this type of compound is always produced in a neutralization reaction.
What is a salt?
This theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors.
What is the Brønsted–Lowry theory?
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable outer shell.
What is a covalent bond?
The substance formed when an acid loses a proton.
What is a conjugate base?
The name of H₂SO₄.
What is sulfuric acid?
This is the net ionic equation for a strong acid–strong base reaction.
What is H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O?
In a Brønsted–Lowry reaction, this pair of substances differs by one proton.
What is a conjugate acid–base pair?
This is the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay.
What is half-life?
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution (how acidic or basic it is).
What does the pH scale measure?
The name of HClO₂.
What is chlorous acid?
In Brønsted–Lowry reactions, this particle is transferred from the acid to the base.
What is a proton (H⁺)?
This is the conjugate base formed when NH₃ accepts a proton.
What is NH₄⁺?
These are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?