Cardio Assessment
A nurse auscultates the normal closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves. What heart sound is heard?
What is S1?
Name one modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
Answer: What is smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, or high cholesterol?
What is the primary purpose of an ECG?
Answer: What is evaluation of cardiac electrical activity?
Chest pain relieved by rest and nitroglycerin is classified as what?
Answer: What is stable angina?
Crackles and pulmonary edema are associated with which type of heart failure?
Answer: What is left-sided heart failure?
Calf pain, warmth, swelling, and redness suggest what disorder?
Answer: What is DVT?
What pulse must be assessed before administering digoxin?
Answer: What is the apical pulse?
A client becomes dizzy when moving from lying to standing and experiences a systolic BP drop of 25 mmHg. What condition is occurring?
Answer: What is orthostatic hypotension?
A BP reading of 228/126 with blurred vision and severe headache suggests what condition?
Answer: What is hypertensive emergency?
Before obtaining an ECG, what should the nurse ensure?
Answer: What is proper electrode placement?
Which medication is commonly used to relieve acute angina?
Answer: What is nitroglycerin?
Peripheral edema and JVD indicate which type of heart failure?
Answer: What is right-sided heart failure?
What is the most serious complication of DVT?
Answer: What is pulmonary embolism?
What electrolyte imbalance increases risk for digoxin toxicity?
Answer: What is hypokalemia?
The nurse notes a new murmur during assessment. What is the priority action?
Answer: What is report the finding and perform further cardiovascular assessment?
What target organ is commonly damaged by uncontrolled hypertension leading to dialysis?
Answer: What are the kidneys?
The monitor shows atrial fibrillation. What rhythm characteristic would the nurse expect?
Answer: What is an irregularly irregular rhythm?
A client experiences chest pain at rest lasting 25 minutes despite nitroglycerin. What condition is suspected?
Answer: What is unstable angina?
A BNP level increases significantly. What does this indicate?
Answer: What is worsening heart failure/fluid overload?
Intermittent claudication is most associated with what condition?
Answer: What is peripheral arterial disease?
A client taking atorvastatin reports muscle pain and dark urine. What serious adverse effect is suspected?
Answer: What is rhabdomyolysis?
An older adult reports reduced exercise tolerance. Which age-related cardiovascular change contributes to this finding?
Answer: What is arterial stiffening and decreased cardiovascular reserve?
A client with severe hypertension suddenly develops confusion and unilateral weakness. What complication is occurring?
Answer: What is a stroke?
Which rhythm requires immediate intervention?
A. NSR
B. PVCs
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. Asystole
Answer: What is D, asystole?
What is the most common underlying cause of coronary artery disease?
Answer: What is atherosclerosis?
A client gains 4 pounds in two days and reports increasing dyspnea. What should the nurse suspect?
Answer: What is worsening heart failure?
A client presents with cool feet, hair loss, diminished pulses, and delayed capillary refill. What disease process is occurring?
Answer: What is PAD?
A nurse administers metoprolol and notes HR 48 bpm. What action is appropriate?
Answer: What is hold the medication and notify the provider?
A client has BP 88/50, HR 124, cool clammy skin, and weak peripheral pulses. What assessment finding is most concerning?
Answer: What is evidence of decreased tissue perfusion?
Which patient should the nurse see first?
A. BP 150/92
B. BP 162/98
C. BP 240/130 with chest pain
D. BP 148/88
Answer: What is C?
What diagnostic test evaluates cardiac structure, valve function, and ejection fraction using ultrasound?
Answer: What is an echocardiogram?
A client takes three nitroglycerin tablets five minutes apart with no relief. What should the nurse instruct next?
Answer: What is activate EMS/call 911 immediately?
Which patient should be seen first?
A. JVD and ankle edema
B. Weight gain of 2 lbs
C. Pink frothy sputum and severe dyspnea
D. Fatigue
Answer: What is C?
A nurse palpates a pulsating abdominal mass. What is the priority action?
Answer: What is notify the provider immediately due to possible AAA?
A client taking warfarin develops black tarry stools and bleeding gums. What complication is occurring?
Answer: What is bleeding secondary to anticoagulation?