Claims
A claim of ____ asserts that something is true or not true
What is a claim of fact
Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion
What is introduction
Occurs when someone with no expertise on a subject speaks on a subject
What is appeal to false authority
Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument
What is a logical fallacy
In the Toulmin model, the _________ uses words like usually and most likely to temper the claim
What is a qualifier
A claim of ______ proposes a change
What is a claim of policy
Provides factual information and background material on the subject
What is Narration
Occurs when evidence boils down to "everyone's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."
What is Bandwagon Appeal
A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.
What is begging the question
A ________ gives voice to possible objections
What is a rebuttal
A claim of _____ argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.
What is a claim of value
Usually the major part of the text
What is confirmation
A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make
What is a closed thesis
A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way yo provide evidence
What is circular reasoning
A ___________ explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier
What is a reservation
Also called an assertion or a proposition
What is a claim
Addresses the counterargument
What is refutation
A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or truth and applies it to a specific case
What is Deduction
A fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices
What is either/or
Who created the Toulmin model
Who is British Philosopher Stephen Toulmin
How many different types of claims are there in this unit
Brings the essay to a satisfying close
What is conclusion
A ____ thesis is one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.
What is an open thesis
A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence
What is hasty generalization
An approach to analyzing and constructing arguments
What is the Toulmin Model