Immunity and Vaccines
Vaccinations are considered this kind of active immunity.
What is artificial?
Antibodies are produced by these.
What are B cells?
A molecule not normally found in the body that stimulates the adaptive immune response.
What is an antigen?
Phagocytic cells of the innate immune response that function to activate the adaptive immune response.
What are dendritic cells?
These cells are always involved in humoral immunity.
What are B-cells?
This class of vaccine requires heat, chemicals, or radiation to be applied to the pathogen.
What is inactivated?
Name the two fragments in an antibody.
What is the fragment of antigen binding and fragment of crystallization?
Activation of B-cells can be dependent or independent of these.
What are T-cells?
Cellular immunity relies on cells to express these molecules on their surface.
What is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?
Memory B-cells can live for this long.
What are months to years?
Define herd immunity.
What is too few susceptible individuals in a population for a disease to spread effectively?
This immunoglobulin class is the most abundant antibody in serum at 80%.
What is IgG?
T-helper cells will present the antigen to a new B-cell. This occurs if the antibody doesn't fit.
What is apoptosis?
Cause an excessive, uncontrolled release of cytokines leading to life-threatening, excessive inflammatory responses.
What are superantigens?
T-cells are produced here.
What is bone marrow?
Passive immunity is achieved through these two types of antibodies.
What are maternal and monoclonal?
This immunoglobulin class acts as a B-cell receptor.
What is IgD?
B-cells with improved affinity to the antigen will proliferate and differentiate into one of these two types of B-cells.
What are plasma cells or memory B cells?
These develop into helper T-cells.
What are CD4+ T-cells?
Helper T cells are activated by these.
What is MHC Class II?
Class of vaccine that uses weakened strain of the whole pathogen, leading to long-lasting immunity.
What is live attenuated?
Antibodies help the immune system destroy pathogens using five different mechanisms. Name 3. Extra 200 points if you can name all 5.
What is agglutination, neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and complement activation?
Unique antibodies are produced by inducing these in the heavy and light chain genes.
What are point mutations?
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells using these two things to induce apoptosis.
What are perforin and granzymes?
Cytotoxic T cells are activated by these.
What is MHC Class I?