adaptive
Each lymphocyte (B or T cell) carries receptors to how many antigens?
one
they are specific!
what portion of the antigen is recognized by the lymphoctye?
epitope
when an antigen is presented to a B-cell, is it in peices or whole?
whole
Defensins do what?
prevent disease by denaturing microbial toxins
name the granulocytes
B,E,N
after an antigen-specific lymphocyte is activated,
what occurs?
colonal expansion
T or F
an antigen only has one type of epitope
FALSE
antigens contain many different epitopes
MHC molecules are required to be presented to __ cells.
MHC molecules are NOT required to be presented to __ cells.
T
B
Soluble defenses are?
complement and cytokines (they have to travel in blood!)
NK cells patrol for what?
explain clonal expansion
1. antigen specific lymphocyte is activated
2. selected cells proliferate
3. proliferated cells turn into effector and memory cells
T cells are not presented a whole antigen but rather what?
protein-derived linear processed peptide antigen on MHC.
T for Tiny Toucan (needs its food chewed on by mom before it can process it)
B or T cells mostly handle non protien antigens?
B can handle proteins AND non proteins
they B eating whatever
name a tissue resident cell that degranulate
Mast
Granules are?
storage sacs of inflamatory and antimicrobial substances
effector cells are?
effector=eliminate!
made from clonal expansion
eliminate target immediately
when presented with an antigen, what do T cells bind to?
Peptide-MHC complex
what type of immunity is gained via:
vaccine?
breastfeeding?
sickness?
injection of antibodies?
vaccine: artificial active
breastfeeding: natural passive
sickness: natural active
injection of antibodies: artificial passive
passive: antibodies are added
active:antigens are added
Acute-phase response is?
rapid body-wide reaction to infection
(driven by cytokines)
Lift
Liver production of acute-phase proteins
fever
leukocyTe production
what cell releases perforin to cause apoptosis?
ADCC is?
NK cells
killing of antibody coated cells
signals of lymphocyte activation are?
ACC
signal 1. antigen recognition
signal 2. co-stimulation (confirming antigen is dangerous)
signal 3. cytokine (guide proliferation and effector sell production)
what is a state of anergy?
lymphocyte is alive but becomes functionally unresponsive. It will eventually die.
(helps prevent autoimmune disorders)
Immunologic memory is the biological basis of _________. However, it is also a major mechanism that drives ______ inflammation
vaccination
chronic
name acute-phase proteins
CRP and fibrinogen
Leukocyte extravasation is?
leukocytes leave the bloodstream and enter tissues, usually in response to infection or injury