Subtypes
girls with ADHD are more likely to present with this subtype
inattentive
stimulants mainly target this neurotransmitter
dopamine
T or F? The consumption of sugar and food additives is a risk factor for ADHD
False. ADHD symptoms must be present & ongoing for at least 6 months (and before age 12) to make a diagnosis. The energetic effects of sugar and food additives usually only last about 30-40 minutes.
what % of people with ADHD have a co-occurring disorder?
up to 80%
ADHD is a delay in the rate of development in which two traits?
inhibition and sustained attention
the most common subtype presented in clinical samples
combined
non-stimulants mainly target this neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
T or F? ADHD disappears after childhood
False. Some symptoms may change during adolescence/adulthood, but many behavior issues, cognitive functioning impairments, and other functioning impairments will remain present.
up to ___% of children who are referred to a clinic for some type of behavioral issue have ADHD symptoms
50%
what % of people with ADHD report a family history of it?
up to 40%
someone with this subtype is often "spacey" and processes information slowly
inattentive
what treatment is recommended for children under age 6 with ADHD before medication? (hint: focuses on parents)
parent training in behavior management
T or F? it is possible to have Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) but not ADHD
true
what area of the US has seen a rise in the prevalence of ADHD?
the Midwest
how many settings must ADHD symptoms be present in to be diagnosed?
at least 2 (e.g., home, school, work, social settings)
Someone with this subtype is more likely to be aggressive & defiant
combined
what 2 treatments are recommended for children over age 6 with ADHD?
medication and behavior therapy together
T or F? an adult cannot develop ADHD
True. ADHD may be overlooked in many cases (masking, comorbid disorders, misdiagnosis, etc.), but symptoms must have been present since before age 12 to be diagnosed at any age.
name 2 common comorbidities in children with ADHD
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD), anxiety, depression, learning disability
what year was the term "attention" incorporated into the name of the diagnosis?
1980
this subtype predicts academic problems and peer neglect
hyperactive-impulsive
why are stimulants usually prescribed first? (before non-stimulants)
T or F? Someone who is inattentive in some settings, but highly attentive in others, cannot have ADHD.
False. ADHD involves dysregulated attention. It is normal for someone with ADHD to hyperfocus on something that is highly stimulating/of great interest to them.
why is it hard to identify accurate prevalence rates?
obstacles to obtaining a reliable diagnosis (accessibility, under/over-diagnosis, inaccurate diagnosis) make it hard to determine prevalence (how many people who are diagnosed actually have it? how many people are undiagnosed?)
what is 1 of 2 main factors that make up Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT)?
"daydreamy" and "sluggish"