Relative Pronouns
This relative pronoun is used as a subject pronoun in an adjective clause to describe people, as seen in the sentence "I met a man ______ is a famous poet."
who or that
Identify the noun clause in this sentence and state its grammatical function: "I don't know where my book is."
"where my book is", functioning as the direct object of the verb "know"
In conversational English, what single word replaces the entire that-clause in the response: "Is Ana from Peru?" -> "I think ______."
so
Choose the correct verb form in parentheses and explain why: "I know the people who (is / are) sitting over there."
are, because the relative pronoun "who" refers to the plural antecedent "people"
True or False: Quotation marks are used in reported (indirect) speech.
False
In the sentence "The books that I bought were expensive," explain whether the relative pronoun "that" can be omitted entirely.
yes, it can be omitted
Correct the word order error in the following sentence: "Do you know where does he live?"
"Do you know where he lives?"
Form the correct negative conversational response to the question "Will your flight be canceled?" using the verb "hope".
"I hope not"
Where is a preposition placed in informal everyday spoken adjective clauses, as in "The chair that I am sitting ______ is comfortable"?
at the end of the adjective clause (after the verb)
Convert the direct quotation "Ann said, 'I am hungry'" into formal reported speech with a past reporting verb.
"Ann said that she was hungry"
Name the relative pronoun that describes non-human things or animals and CANNOT be used to describe people under any circumstances.
which
State the two introductory conjunctions that can be used to convert a Yes/No question like "Is Carl here today?" into a dependent noun clause.
if and whether
Explain the core structural difference between the reporting verbs say and tell when introducing reported speech.
tell must be followed immediately by a personal pronoun/noun object, whereas say is followed directly by the noun clause
Identify and correct the grammatical error in this sentence: "The teacher lives near me is very friendly."
adding the subject relative pronoun who or that ("The teacher who/that lives near me is very friendly")
Convert the direct statement "Kazu said, 'I forgot to pay my electric bill'" into formal reported speech.
"Kazu said that he had forgotten to pay his electric bill"
Explain the grammatical difference between the homophones whose and who's when introducing a clause.
whose indicates possession, while who's is a contraction for "who is" or "who has"
Under what structural condition can the word "that" be omitted from a noun clause without altering the sentence's meaning?
when the that-clause functions as the direct object of a verb expressing mental activity or emotion
Name three reporting verbs other than ask that can be used to report questions (e.g., "Ken ______ whether I was tired").
wonder, want to know, and inquire
Contrast the verb forms in these two sentences: "A saw is a tool that is used to cut wood" vs. "Shovels are tools that are used to dig holes." What structural rule determines the verb selection inside each clause?
the singular vs. plural number of the antecedent noun (tool vs. tools)
Convert the modal verb in this quote to formal reported speech: "Tarik said to me, 'I can teach you to drive.'"
"Tarik told me that he could teach me to drive"
In formal English, if a preposition is shifted to the very beginning of an adjective clause modifying a person (e.g., "The man to ______ I talked"), which relative pronoun MUST follow the preposition?
whom
Why does the question "Who came to class?" keep the exact same word order when converted into the noun clause "I don't know who came to class"?
because the question word "who" is already the subject of the clause
Provide three examples of "be + adjective" expressions that can be followed by a dependent that-clause to express feelings or certainty.
any three of: be glad that, be sure that, be surprised that, be afraid that, be disappointed that, be convinced that, or be certain that
Convert the informal sentence "The movie which we went to was funny" into formal written English with a fronted preposition.
"The movie to which we went was funny"
Explain why the sentence "Ella just said she is going to take her parents out to dinner" is grammatically acceptable without tense backshifting.
because the reporting verb is in the present (says) or the statement was made very recently and remains true (just said)