Alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis results from
removal/decrease of too much CO2
In acidosis, the PH would be
Low
PH is an expression of balance between
CO2 (lungs) and bicarbonate (kidneys)
Three types of PH buffers
Chemical and Protein
Respiratory
Kidney
Normal PH
7.35 - 7.45
Respiratory alkalosis treatment is
treating the underlying cause. E.G.: bagging, anxiety meds
(Usually caused by hyperventilating)
Respiratory Acidosis results in
inadequate ventilation
Normal PaO2 level
80-100 mmHg
What are the two primary chemical buffers
Sodium bicarbonate
Carbonic Acid
Range of PaO2
80-100 mmHg
In respiratory alkalosis, the PaCO2 level will be
Low/decreased
Metabolic acidosis can be caused by
DKA, decreased hydrogen ion elimination due to renal failure, dehydration, extreme illness, starvation, hepatic failure, pancreatitis, excessive alcohol use, and lactic acidosis.
Normal range of PaCO2
45-35 mmHg
Increased respirations do what
Decrease Hydrogen ions
Decrease CO2
Decrease Carbonic Acid
Increases PH
PaCO2 range is____ and represents_____function
45-35 mmHg, respiratory
In metabolic alkalosis, the HCO3 level will be
High/elevated
Respiratory acidosis can be caused by
Airway obstruction, COPD, ARDs, pulmonary embolism (PE), pulmonary edema, aspiration, atelectasis, pneumonia, OD, mechanical ventilation
Normal range of HCO3
22-26
Decreased respirations do what?
Increase Hydrogen ions
Increase CO2
Increase Carbonic Acid
Decreases PH
HCO3 range is _______and represents_______function
22-26, metabolic
Which PH level is indicative of alkalosis?
a. 7.25
b. 7.46
c. 7.41
b. 7.46
Normal PH range is 7.35-7.45
Low is acid (acidosis)
High is base (alkalosis)
Treatment for respiratory acidosis is
Improve ventilation
The first sign of an acid-base problem
Change in normal breathing
How do the kidneys decrease PH
Produce bicarbonates which decreases PH by eliminating hydrogen ions
Why is proper PH balance important?
It helps the body to maintain homeostasis