Fluid and Electrolytes
Hepatic/Kidney Disorders
Musculoskeletal/ Trauma
Mixed Bag
Hematologic/Infectious Disease
100
Which of the following blood components is decreased in anemia?

a. Erythrocytes

b. Granulocytes

c. Leukocytes

d. Platelets
What is a. Erythrocytes
100
A client has passed a renal calculus. The nurse sends the specimen to the laboratory so it can be analyzed for which of the following factors?

a. Antibodies

b. Type of infection

c. Composition of calculus

d. Size and number of calculi
What is c. composition of calculus
100
A client with rheumatoid arthritis states, "I can't do my household chores without becoming tired. My knees hurt whenever I walk." Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate? 


a. Activity intolerance related to fatigue and pain. 


b. Self-care deficit related to increasing joint pain. 


c. Ineffective coping related to chronic pain. 


d. Disturbed body image related to fatigue and joint pain
What is a. Activity intolerance related to fatigue and pain.
100

A nurse is caring for a client who smokes and has lung cancer.  The client reports, I'm coughing because I have that cold that everyone has been getting."  The nurse should identify that the client is using which of the following defense mechanisms?

a. Reaction formation

b. Denial

c. Displacement

d. Sublimation

What is b? Denial

100
You’re discharging Nathaniel with hepatitis B. Which statement suggests understanding by the patient?

a. “Now I can never get hepatitis again.”

b. “I can safely give blood after 3 months.”

c. “I’ll never have a problem with my liver again, even if I drink alcohol.”

d. “My family knows that if I get tired and start vomiting, I may be getting sick again.”
What is d. “My family knows that if I get tired and start vomiting, I may be getting sick again.”
200
The nurse explains to the parents of a 1-year-old child admitted to the hospital in a sickle cell crisis that the local tissue damage the child has on admission is caused by which of the following?

a. Autoimmune reaction complicated by hypoxia

b. Lack of oxygen in the red blood cells

c. Obstruction to circulation

d. Elevated serum bilirubin concentration
What is c. Obstruction to circulation
200
The client with acute renal failure has a serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L. The nurse would plan which of the following as a priority action?

a. Allow an extra 500 ml of fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte concentration.

b. Encourage increased vegetables in the diet

c. Place the client on a cardiac monitor

d. Check the sodium level
What is c. Place the client on a cardiac monitor
200
A nurse is evaluating the pin sites of a client in skeletal traction. The nurse is least concerned with 


a. inflammation


b. serous drainage


c. pain at pin site


d. purulent drainage
What is b. serous drainage
200

Mike, a 43-year old construction worker, has a history of hypertension. He smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, is nervous about the possibility of being unemployed, and has difficulty coping with stress. His current concern is calf pain during minimal exercise that decreased with rest. The nurse assesses Mike’s symptoms as being associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The nursing diagnosis is:


a. Alteration in tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation


b. Dysfunctional use of extremities related to muscle spasms


c. Impaired mobility related to stress associated with pain


d. Impairment in muscle use associated with pain on exertion

What is a. Alteration in tissue perfusion related to compromised circulation

200
The blood test first used to identify a response to HIV infection is:

a. Western blot

b. ELISA test

c. CD4+ T-cell count

d. CBC
What is b. ELISA test
300
Which of the following is considered a normal hemoglobin range?

a. 4-6g/dL

b. 6-8g/dL

c. 8-10g/dL

d. 12-14g/dL
What is d. 12-14g/dL
300
Assessing the laboratory findings, which result would the nurse most likely expect to find in a client with chronic renal failure?

A. BUN 10 to 30 mg/dl, potassium 4.0 mEq/L, creatinine 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dl

B. Decreased serum calcium, blood pH 7.2, potassium 6.5 mEq/L

C. BUN 15 mg/dl, increased serum calcium, creatinine l.0 mg/dl

D. BUN 35 to 40 mg/dl, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, pH 7.35, decreased serum calcium

What is b. Decreased serum calcium, blood pH 7.2, potassium 6.5 mEq/L
300
A client has sustained a closed fracture and has just had a cast applied to the affected arm. The client is complaining of intense pain. The nurse has elevated the limb, applied an ice bag, and administered an analgesic, which has provided very little pain relief. The nurse interprets that this pain may be caused by:

a. infection under the cast

b. the anxiety of the client

c. impaired tissue perfusion

d. the newness of the fracture
What is c. impaired tissue perfusion
300

When caring for a patient who has started anticoagulant therapy with warfarin (Coumadin), the nurse knows not to expect therapeutic benefits for:


a. At least 12 hours


b. The first 24 hours


c. 2-3 days


d. 1 week

What is c. 2-3 days

300
Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy is determined by:

a. a fall in the plasma viral load and an increase in the CD4 count.

b. a rise in red blood cell count and hemoglobin level.

c. a rise in plasma HIV antibodies level.

d. a reduction in opportunistic infections.
What is a. a fall in the plasma viral load and an increase in the CD4 count
400
Anemia or insufficient hemoglobin content is common in older persons. The client's body compensates for the deficiency by:

a. Decreasing the respiratory and heart rates.

b. Increasing the heart and respiratory rates.

c. Shunting blood away from vital organs and skin.

d. Decreasing blood viscosity in order to supply oxygen to hypoxic tissues.
What is b. increasing heart and respiratory rates
400
A client had a transurethral prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy. He’s currently being treated with a continuous bladder irrigation and is complaining of an increase in severity of bladder spasms. Which of the interventions should be done first?

a. Administer an oral analgesic

b. Stop the irrigation and call the physician

c. Administer a belladonna and opium suppository as ordered by the physician.

d. Check for the presence of clots, and make sure the catheter is draining properly.
What is d. Check for the presence of clots, and make sure the catheter is draining properly.
400
Which of the following is NOT true when comparing OA to RA?: 


a. OA is more common than RA

b. In RA, symptoms usually start after age 50 and in OA, symptoms usually appear between 30-50


c. RA is highly inflammatory compared to OA

d. OA is diagnosed with X-ray/exam and RA is diagnosed with blood work
What is b. In RA, symptoms usually start after age 50 and in OA, symptoms usually appear between 30-50

400

A nurse in an acute mental health facility is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder.  Which of the following is the priority nursing action?

a. Set consistent limits for expected client behavior

b. Administer prescribed medications as scheduled

c. Provide the client with step-by-step instructions during hygiene activities

d. Monitor the client for escalating behavior

What is d. Monitoring for escalating behaviors addresses the client's priority need for safety and is therefore the priority action.

400
To prevent the spread of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection the nurse is especially careful when

A. Disposing of food trays


B. Emptying the bed pan


C. Taking an oral temperature


D. changing IV tubing
What is B. emptying the bed pan
500
What is the best lab to test for anemia?

a. Hematocrit

b. RBC Indices

c. Hemoglobin

d. Platelet Count
What is c. hemoglobin
500
The nurse is taking the history of a client who has had benign prostatic hyperplasia in the past. To determine whether the client currently is experiencing difficulty, the nurse asks the client about the presence of which of the following early symptoms?

a. Urge incontinence

b. Nocturia

c. Increased force in the stream of urine

d. Urinary retention
What is b. nocturia
500
What are the primary joints involved in RA?

a. Knee and Hip


b. Shoulder And Knee

c. Hands and Feet


 d. Knee and Ankle
What is c. hands and feet
500

A nurse is providing discharge information to a patient with peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following information should be included in instructions?


a. Walk barefoot whenever possible.


b. Use a heating pad to keep feet warm.


c. Avoid crossing the legs.


d. Use antibacterial ointment to treat skin lesions at risk of infection.

What is c. avoid crossing legs

500
What is the value of CD4+ T cells/uL that indicates a person has AIDS?

a. greater than 600cells/uL

b. 500-600cells/uL

c. 300-400cells/uL

d. less than 200cells/uL
What is d. less than 200cells/uL
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