Adv Bio Unit 4 - Molecular Genetics

DNA History

100

This pair developed the first accurate model of DNA

Watson and Crick

200

He noted in a scientific paper that all organisms have equal amounts A & T and G & C in their DNA

Erwin Chargaff

300

This underappreciated scientist discovered "jumping genes" and the mechanism that controls them

Barbara McClintock

400

X-ray crystallography enabled this scientist to photograph complex molecular structures, including "Photo 51"

Rosalind Franklin

500

Their well-known experiments in 1952 proved that traits are passed on DNA, not proteins

Hershey and Chase

Transcription

100

This is the direction DNA is read during transcription

3' to 5'

200

This enzyme synthesizes an RNA strand by exposing and reading the DNA bases

RNA Polymerase

300

During this phase, transcription begins "downstream" of the "TATA" promoter sequence

Initiation

400

One of the modifications to a 1° mRNA transcript results in this being added to the 3' end

Poly-A tail

500

After elongation, transcription will cease once this sequence has been transcribed

AAUAAA

Translation

100

These are the "words" of the genetic language, read by the ribosome three bases at a time

Codons

200

In the ribosome "P" site, amino acids are assembled together using this type of bond

Peptide bonds

300

The phase of translation when a "UAA" codon might be read

Termination

400

This region of tRNA ensures a ribosome will bring in the appropriate amino acid.

Anticodon

500

If a primary polypeptide enters this structure to help it fold, it will remain in the cell to be used

Chaperonin

Mutations

100

This root word means "to change"

mut-

200

UV radiation, cigarette smoke, environmental pollutants can be examples of these

Mutagens

300

When a mutation codes for a premature STOP codon

Nonsense point mutation

400

One example of this could be when a mutated codon calls for the amino acid Lysine. But the original, pre-mutation codon also called for Lysine

Silent point mutation

500

Tay Sachs disorder results from this type of mutation, an insertion of 4 additional bases into the code

Frameshift mutation

Misc.

100

Viruses that infect bacteria; manipulated in genetics research for many decades

Bacteriophages

200

These stabilize DNA strands and keep them apart during replication

Single Stranded Binding Proteins

300

This vital enzyme not only builds new DNA strands, but also can fix errors via mismatch repair

DNA Polymerase

400

As DNA fragments separate during gel electrophoresis, they migrate toward this charged end

Positive (anode)

500

A DNA sample containing 15% Adenine would also contain this percentage of Cytosine

35%