a population whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
What is a species
100
The letter that represents the frequency of the dominant allele in the population
What is p
100
a double, stranded helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins
What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
100
a small protein with a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in its chromatin structure
What is a histone
100
a coding region of a eukaryotic gene
What is an exon
200
genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
What is bottleneck effect
200
This represents the frequency of heterozygotes in a population
What is 2pq
200
the two nitrogenous bases that are purines
What is adenine and guanine
200
a discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork
What is the lagging strand
200
a type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)
300
a graded variation in a trait that parallels a gradient in the environment
What is a cline
300
If 1/100 students have the recessive phenotype for a widow's peak hairline (straight hairline), then this is the frequency of the recessive allele in the population.
What is .1
300
the type of chemical bonds that hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together
What is hydrogen bonds
300
a mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein
What is a nonsense mutation
400
natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
What is directional selection
400
If the frequency of the dominant allele in a population at H-W equilibrium is 0.6, then what is the frequency of heterozygotes in that population.
What is 0.48
400
the opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix
What is antiparallel
400
a polynuleotide with a free 3' end that is bound to complementary bases on the template strand and is elongated during DNA replication
What is a primer
400
one of the ribosome's binding sites for tRNA during translation that holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain
What is the P site (peptidyl tRNA binding site)
500
genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, with the result that the new population's gene pool is not reflective of the original population
What is founder effect
500
The 5 conditions that must exist for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to be true
What are random mating, no immigration or emigration, no mutations, large population size, and no natural selection
500
type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand
What is semiconservative replication
500
a technique that depends on the diffraction of an X-ray beam by the individual atoms of a molecule to study the 3-D structure of the molecule
What is X-ray crystallography
500
the way a cell's mRNA translating machinery groups the mRNA nucleotides into 3 nucleotide codons