DEFINING DIASPORA
This scholar listed 6 defining principles of diaspora in 1991
Who is William Safran?
The estimated number of Africans forcibly transported across the Atlantic
What is 10–12 million?
The Trinidadian barrister who organized the first Pan-African Conference in London, 1900
Who is Henry Sylvester Williams?
W.E.B. Du Bois introduced this concept in his 1903 book to describe the "twoness" of being American and Negro
What is "double consciousness"?
This South Asian community is descended from enslaved Africans brought through the --------
What is the Indian Ocean?
This term describes the dispersion of people from their original homeland and the cultures they form across the world
What is Diaspora?
This scholar's work argues the transatlantic slave trade is one of the largest forced migrations in human history
Who is Patrick Manning?
This scholar and activist championed the Back-to-Africa Movement in the 1920s
Who is Marcus Garvey?
The title of W.E.B. Du Bois's classic work where he describes the "unreconciled strivings" of the Black soul
What is The Souls of Black Folk?
This group in the Middle East represents a segment of the diaspora formed via the Arab slave trade and the 9th-century Zanj Rebellion
Who are Black Iraqis?
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza argues that Diaspora is not a static group but a "process of" this
What is "becoming"?
This intellectual forerunner and Harvard-educated doctor promoted Black emigration to Africa to find "independent Black nationality"
Who is Martin R. Delany?
According to James Clifford, the language of Diaspora is invoked by how people feel about their "host location" and this
What is their "prior home" (or homeland)?
This country in South America has the largest population of African descent outside of Africa
What is Brazil?
This scholar challenges the "Atlantic model" and introduces the concept of "overlapping diasporas" to include the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean
Who is Paul Tiyambe Zeleza?
In addition to the Atlantic, enslaved Africans were also sent to these three regions via the Arab slave trade
What are Europe, Asia, and the Middle East?
This first African American to study at Cambridge spent significant time in Liberia and saw Africa as the "motherland"
Who is Alexander Crummell?
This scholar argues that Du Bois's concept captures a condition "tormented" by dualistic consciousness
Who is Tunde Adeleke?
This region of Africa played the most "pivotal role" in the transatlantic slave trade and shaping modern Diaspora culture
What is West Africa?
The African Union (AU) includes this specific group, along with descendants of the enslaved, in its broadened definition of the Diaspora
Who are recent African immigrants?
According to Falola, the "Trauma-Centered" perspective focuses on brutality, while this perspective focuses on migrations driven by opportunity
What is the "Agency-Centered" perspective?
This first president of independent Ghana is credited with "bringing Pan-Africanism home" to the continent
Who is Kwame Nkrumah?
Scholar Tunde Adeleke notes that this classic 1903 work captured the Black American soul as "tormented" by a dualistic identity of "twoness"
What is The Souls of Black Folk?
Zeleza uses this two-word term to describe African dispersals that occur across different geographic networks at the same time
What are "Overlapping Diasporas"?