European Arrival
What disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, made European exploration of tropical Africa especially dangerous?
Malaria
What was the main reason Europeans transported millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas?
To provide labor for plantations and generate profits.
Why did European interest in Africa continue growing even after the abolition of the slave trade?
European countries wanted African resources, markets, and territory, including palm oil, ivory, gold, and other raw materials.
Which European king personally controlled the Congo Free State?
King Leopold II
Which African country defeated Italy at the Battle of Adwa in 1896?
Ethiopia
Name one major geographical obstacle that made it difficult for Europeans to travel into Africa's interior.
The Sahara Desert, challenging terrain, or unnavigable rivers.
Name two plantation crops that relied heavily on enslaved labor.
Sugar, tobacco, cotton, or coffee.
What was the main desire of the Untited States at the Berlin Conference?
That Liberia must remain free as a place where freed slaves can return.
What natural resource was extracted through horrific forced labor in the Congo during the late 1800s?
Rubber
Which two European countries sent the most white settlers to South Africa?
The Netherlands and England (UK)
What rationale did Europeans use to justify slavery and colonialism?
They claimed Europeans were inherently superior or more intelligent, ignoring geographical, environmental, and historical factors.
Which European country abolished the transatlantic slave trade in 1807 and began using its navy to suppress it?
Britain
What was one major purpose of the Berlin Conference besides regulating trade?
Preventing conflicts between European powers competing for African territory.
What resource from Congo was used in the atomic bombs dropped on Japan during World War II?
Uranium
What 1889 treaty dispute contributed to the conflict between Italy and Ethiopia?
The Treaty of Wuchale, whose Italian and Ethiopian versions differed over Ethiopia's sovereignty.
Which European country was the first to explore Africa's coasts and begin transporting enslaved Africans in the 1400s?
Portugal
What successful Caribbean slave revolt helped demonstrate that slavery could be overthrown?
The Haitian Revolution
Which German chancellor hosted the Berlin Conference?
Otto von Bismarck
Which two African peoples were targeted in the German genocide of 1904–1908?
The Herero and Nama
What was the name given to the descendants of Dutch settlers in South Africa?
Boers or Afrikaners
Name two agricultural advantages that helped European societies develop economically.
Horses, oxen, major cereal grains, protein-rich legumes, or temperate fruit trees.
Name two major reasons the transatlantic slave trade declined during the 1800s.
Abolitionist pressure, industrialization, slave resistance, British naval enforcement, or declining profitability.
What did European powers have to actually to do to claim ownership of African land?
Establish An actual presence or effective occupation.
What is the name for the racial theory used by the Germans in Namibia when they conducted tests to try and prove the superiority of white people?
Eugenics
What two Ethiopian rulers were credited with defeating the Italians? The first during the Battle of Adwa and the second during WW2.
King Menelik II and Haile Selassie