CONTEXT
What two forces united in the Union of South Africa?
British and the Boers
When was APO created?
1902
What does the SANNC stand for?
South African Natives National Congress
What did the ICU stand for?
Define African Nationalism
The unity of people against oppression or colonial control.
When did SA become a Union?
1910
What does APO stand for?
African People's Organisation OR African Political Organisation
Where and when did the SANNC form?
1912, in Bloemfontein (After the first Natives' Conference)
Who were the ICU initially formed to protect?
Cape Town Dockworkers
Name two international figures who promoted African Nationalism
Kwame Nkrumah and Marcus Garvey
What famous SA Building was built to commemorate the new Union and where is it found?
Unions Buildings in Pretoria
Who was the first leader of the APO?
Who was the first president of the SANNC/
Who was the first treasurer?
President: John Dube; Secretary = Pixley Seme
What was the ICU's motto?
Name two types of African Nationalism
Charterism and Pan Africanism
What Act was introduced by the Union in 1913?
The Native's Land Act
How did APO resist the Union and racist laws of the 1910s?
Through a delegation to London in 1909, and via a weekly newspaper.
How did the SANNC resist the new laws set by the white-minority government?
They sent a delegation to London in 1909. They tried challenging these laws through legal arguments.
How did the ICU challenge white-minority oppression?
Through active strikes and protest action
Explain how WWII impacted African Nationalism within the ANC.
Some members broke away from the ANC and formed the PAC as they did not want to follow Charterism.
Why were people opposed to the 1913 Act?
It only gave 7% of the land to 90% of the population. (Stole land and cemented white minority rule)
Comment on who APO represented and why this might have caused issues.
APO represented the educated coloured elite. This caused division within the coloured community as many coloured people felt excluded by the organisation so they joined more inclusive organisations like the ANC in the 1940s.
Critically comment on whether or not the early SANNC offered an inclusive form of nationalism.
No, the SANNC was promoted to the black educated elite. They were wanting to promote the "Gentlemen" of the race. However, later on, they became more inclusive, and encouraged all races to join the resistance movement.
Why was the creation of the ICU so important in the history of the country?
They laid the foundations for trade unionism in the country as they were the first trade union. They made resistance more active - challenged oppression through strikes, not legal challenges.
Why did the ANCYL form, and who was its first president?
Some members of the ANC wanted a more active approach and a different type of resistance after the broken promises of WWII, leading to the formation of the ANCYL. It's first president was Anton Lembede.