Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis
During glycolysis, there is a net gain of this many ATP per 1 glucose.
What is 2?
This molecule is primarily responsible for storing energy short-term in metabolism.
What is ATP?
This type of bond connects individual nucleotides within a single strand of DNA.
What is phosphodiester?
During the fed state, this hormone dominates and promotes glycolysis.
What is insulin?
Where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.
What is the promoter region?
This type of tissue cannot perform gluconeogensis.
What is muscle tissue?
A deficiency in pyruvate dehydrogenase leads to accumulation of this compound.
What is lactate?
This enzyme proofreads newly synthesized DNA for errors.
What is DNA polymerase?
What is gluconeogenesis?
This type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This is the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis.
What is phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)?
Deficiency of this this vitamin most directly impairs PDH activity.
What is Thiamine?
This type of bond holds complementary bases together in the DNA double helix.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This glucose transporter responds to insulin in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
What is GLUT4?
This process converts the genetic code in mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
What is translation?
These two molecules provide energy for gluconeogenesis.
What are adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate (ATP and GTP)?
In this part of the cell, the citric acid (TCA) cycle occurs.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
This nucleotide base is unique to RNA and replaces thymine during transcription.
What is uracil?
This happens to glycolysis in the liver during fasting when glucagon is high.
What is it decreases?
This enzyme is the main enzyme responsible for transcription.
What is RNA polymerase?
Under fasting conditions, which organ performs the majority of gluconeogenesis?
What is the liver?
In catabolic pathways, energy is released by this phenomenon.
What is breaking down complex molecules?
This enzyme joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
What is DNA ligase?
Red blood cells (RBCs) use glucose from the diet in this state.
What is the insulin-dominant state?
This codon signals the start of translation.
What is AUG?