Hidden Victims/victims
Undiscovered crimes are larger in number than unreported crimes.
Which reflects a higher number of crimes, unreported or undiscovered?
The scientific study of crime victims and the victimization process.
What is victimology?
A perspective that holds that an individual's lifestyle contributes significantly to the likelihood of his or her victimization.
What is lifestyle theory?
The characteristics of population groups, usually expressed in statistical fashion.
What are demographics?
Court-ordered payments to victims of crime, generally made by offenders, as reimbursement for damages and/or losses.
What is victim restitution?
These federal programs make victimization statistics available for public scrutiny.
What is the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?
One who studies victims and the process of victimization.
What is a victimologist?
A spatially oriented theory of victimization that suggests that victimization occurs most frequently in socially disorganized high-crime areas and that people become victims as a result of their exposure to such areas.
What is deviant places theory?
Multiple victimizations of different kinds such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, bullying and exposure to family violence.
What is polyvictimization?
Group action, organized around a theme, and meant to bring about change in society.
What is social movement?
This individual perpetrated one of the biggest Ponzi schemes in history. His victims would have not known they were cheated had the U.S. economy not taken a downturn.
Who is Bernie Madoff?
An individual's likelihood of victimization.
What is victim proneness?
A theory that examines the interaction of motivated offenders, capable guardians, and suitable targets as an explanation for crime, and which suggest that an individual's everyday activities contribute significantly to the likelihood of his or her criminal victimization.
What is Routine Activities Theory (RAT0?
Multiple episodes of the same kind of victimization?
What is revictimization?
Payments to victims of crime, generally made by a government agency, as compensation for lost wages and medical expenses.
What is victim compensation?
This refers to multiple instances of varied victimization.
What is polyvictimization?
Any contribution made by the victim to the criminal event, especially one that led to its initiation.
What is victim precipitation?
A number of "situational insights" combine to elicit a criminal response from individual actors meshed in a highly varied social world, pointing out that "individuals vary greatly in their behavior from one situation to another".
What is the Situational Model?
Social injuries that occur, not as a direct result of a criminal act, but through the response of social institutions and individuals to the victim.
What secondary victimization?
A federal office that administers the Crime Victims Fund and that provides funds and assistance to help victims of crime throughout the United States.
What is Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)?
Those living in this location were 150% more likely to be violently victimized.
What is the threat for those living in urban locations?
Something or someone of value to offenders in a criminal offense.
What Suitable target?
Theories of victim precipitation examine the relationship between victims and criminals and assess the likelihood that the victim may (in some ways, including those that are blame-free) have contributed to his or her own victimization.
What is Victim Precipitation Theory?
Persons not directly affected by a criminal event, but who suffer unintended consequences of the victimization of others whom they are close to, such as family members, friends, coworkers, and neighbors.
What is secondary victims?
A federal law enacted in 1984 that established the federal Crime Victims Fund. The fund uses monies from fines and forfeitures collected from federal offenders to supplement state support of local victim's assistance programs and state victim's compensation programs.
What is Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)?