Colonial Life
England's economic system of increasing national wealth by controlling trade with its colonies.
What is mercantilism?
This 1765 law required colonists to pay a tax on printed paper items and official documents.
What is the Stamp Act?
This man wrote Common Sense, arguing that the colonies should become independent from Britain.
Who is Thomas Paine?
These two Massachusetts towns were the sites of the first battles of the American Revolution in April 1775.
What are Lexington and Concord?
The Second Continental Congress selected this Virginian to command the Continental Army.
Who is George Washington?
Britain's victory in this war left it with large debts and helped lead to new taxes on the colonies.
What is the French and Indian War?
These British laws restricted colonial trade to benefit England's economy.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This famous colonial protest slogan argued that Parliament should not tax colonists without giving them a voice in government.
What is "No taxation without representation"?
This Virginian was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
During this 1776 campaign, Washington's army faced a larger British force and was forced to retreat into New Jersey.
What is the New York campaign?
This Prussian officer helped transform the Continental Army by training soldiers at Valley Forge.
Who is Baron Friedrich von Steuben?
Britain's decision to impose taxes without colonial representation caused many colonists to organize these economic protests against British goods.
What are boycotts?
This religious movement of the 1730s and 1740s encouraged colonists to discuss religious, social, and political ideas.
What is the Great Awakening?
These 1767 laws placed duties on goods including glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.
What are the Townshend Acts?
The Declaration of Independence identifies these three unalienable rights.
What are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
Washington won this battle after crossing the Delaware River on Christmas night and launching a surprise attack against Hessian soldiers.
What is the Battle of Trenton?
This Spanish governor captured British outposts from Louisiana toward Florida, helping the American war effort.
Who is Bernardo de Gálvez?
In response to this colonial protest in December 1773, Britain passed the Intolerable Acts.
What is the Boston Tea Party?
This intellectual movement promoted the use of reason and the belief that people possess natural rights.
What is the Enlightenment?
In this 1770 event, British soldiers fired into a crowd, killing colonists and increasing anger toward Britain.
What is the Boston Massacre?
According to the Declaration, governments receive their rightful power from this source, rather than from a monarch's inherited authority.
What is the consent of the governed?
This 1777 Patriot victory, led by General Horatio Gates, helped convince France and Spain to join the war against Great Britain.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
This young French nobleman supported the Patriot cause with money and military experience.
Who is the Marquis de Lafayette?
Following the Patriot victory at Saratoga, these two European countries joined the struggle against Great Britain, giving the Americans important assistance.
What are France and Spain?
King George III issued this order to prevent colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
Following the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed these laws, which closed Boston Harbor and restricted Massachusetts's self-government.
What are the Intolerable Acts?
Although the Declaration argued that people possess natural rights, these two groups were not granted equal rights or freedom in the new nation.
Who are women and enslaved African Americans? (Accept Native Americans as one of the two groups.)
At this battle, American and French troops surrounded General Cornwallis while the French navy prevented his army from escaping by sea.
What is the Battle of Yorktown?
This Patriot leader used guerrilla warfare, including surprise attacks and rapid retreats, against British forces in the South.
Who is Francis Marion?
After the British defeat at Yorktown, Great Britain's inability to afford another army contributed to this decision, which eventually brought an official end to the war.
What is beginning peace negotiations with the Patriots?
List the three ways a war for independence can end, and the outcomes of each.
Government Victory - Rebels surrender & rejoin the country
Rebel Victory - Government surrenders & allow independence
Draw - The government is unable or unwilling to force rebels to rejoin the country & rebels gain independence