From Achievement Gap to Education Debt
The achievement gap is a gap in academic achievement between what two groups of students?
Who are... minority / disadvantaged students and white students
Who is believed to have been the leader of the common school movement?
Who is... Horace Mann
What federal legislation marked the initial push to create Indian Boarding Schools?
What is... The Indian Civilization Act of 1819
These reformers sought to use IQ tests and measures of intelligence to seek out the best students
Who are Advocates for Testing and Measurement. These seemingly standardized measures of intelligence sought to identify the best learners form recent immigrants. The tests were in fact highly subjective and helped fuel white and privileged students to better success.
This Reader contained teachings that promised if one worked hard and acquired wealth, they would be blessed by God.
What is the McGuffey Reader?
Name a group that families of color have regularly been excluded from in decision-making mechanisms related to education.
What are... parent-teacher organizations or school site councils or other possibilities for democratic participation
Who was a leading advocate for female teachers in schools?
Who is... Catherine Beecher
Name of the man who developed Indian Boarding Schools to strip native children of their identities
Who is... Richard Pratt
This activist believed non-Protestant students should not be forced to attend and pay for the public school system
Who is Bishop John Hughes. He was a Catholic Bishop who feared the protestant ideology that pervaded public education at the time. He also found the National Catholic Schools and the parochial school movement.
Students are not required to recite a state written prayer due to this Supreme Court Case
What is Engle v. Vitale (1962)?
What is moral debt?
What is... the disparity between what we know is right and what we actually do.
What component of curriculums is a remnant of the Common School movement often seen in high schools today?
What are... AP classes
What two groups are highly responsible for manipulating education as a means of controlling indigenous students?
What are... Christian missionaries and the US federal government
This "club" showed how enslaved children and adults resisted laws meant to stop them from becoming literate
What are... sewing clubs where enslaved people taught themselves how to read and write.
What is described as an irony of historical debt from the time of slavery and Northern industrialism?
What is... Northern industrialists who already had the benefits of education profiting off slaves prohibited from schooling
What were two anchors of the common school movement?
What are... a belief in a generic Protestant education and the replacement of traditional male schoolmasters with lower-paid female school teachers.
What is an effect of the generational trauma from Indian Boarding Schools (seen in the state of Maine)?
What is... Native children in Maine are 5x as likely as their white peers to be placed in foster care
This activist believed education should be reserved for the "Talented Tenth" of Black students.
Who is W.E.B. DuBois. He was a vocal critic of Booker T. Washington's old attitude of adjustment and accepted inferiority.
These represent the "Three T's" of the Elementary & Secondary Education Act of 1965
What are two differentiating factors between national debt versus national deficit as related to education?
Two of:
What is... compounds over time
What is... it's historical and was set up to be exclusionary
What is... too complex to resolve with simple solutions
What are two reasons why women were presented as ideal educators?
What are... being guardians of morality (or maternal nature) and a willingness to work for lower wages
number of Indian Boarding Schools still in existence today with federal funding
What is... 73
This politician was one of the first to believe that a public education was essential for democracy
Who is Thomas Jefferson? It should be noted that his vision only applied to white boys and men of the era.
How many white students as compared to Black students go to unaccredited schools?
What is... 1/25 white students as compared to 1/2 Black students