BBB
What are the components of the BBB?
Endothelial cells
Tight Junctions
Astrocytes
Pericytes
The meninges are composed of these three layers
Dura mater (outermost layer)
Arachnoid mater (middle layer)
Pia mater (innermost layer)
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid Plexus
Which structures make up the CNS?
Midbrain, spinal cord, brainstem
What are the two divisions of the autonomic efferent nerves?
Parasympathetic (Feed/Breed)
Sympathetic (Fight or Flight)
These star-shaped glial cells help maintain the BBB
This is an inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Meningitis
Which components make up the BCSFB?
Choroid plexus in the ventricles, endothelial capillaries, astrocytes, ependymal cells
Which descending tracts are we focused on?
Pyramidal
Extrapyramidal Rubrospinal
Tectospinal
Reticulospinal
What are the two pathways of sensory afferent nerves?
Dorsal Column Pathway (Pressure)
Anterolateral Spinothalamic Pathway (Pain)
True/False: A drug that is highly lipid-soluble and uncharged at physiologic pH is likely to do this.
True
This space contains CSF
Subarachnoid space
Excessive CSF accumulation due to impaired drainage causes this condition
Hydrocephaly
Where do the descending tracts of the CNS terminate?
Ventral Horn
How many neurons does it take to ASCEND to the somatosensory cortex (SSC)? To reach an effector?
3 (DCP & ALST)
2 (Parasympathetic and Sympathetic)
Which substances are blocked by the BBB? (Name 4)
Amino acids
Ions
Pathogens
Hormones
This type of hemorrhage occurs between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.
Subdural hematoma
Most CSF is reabsorbed into the venous circulation through these structures
Arachnoid Granulations (villi)
Which of the descending tracts plays a role in regulating neck movement/posture/muscles?
Exrapyramidal Rubrospinal
Tectospinal
What does the DCP secrete? ALST?
DSP: GABA, Glutamate
ALST: Substance P, GABA, Glutamate
Which substances can pass through the BBB? (Name 5)
Fatty Acids
CO2
O2
Nutrients
Alcohol
This embryonic cell population contributes to development of the pia and arachnoid mater.
Neural crest cells
This specialized epithelial surface increases the area available for transport during CSF production.
Microvilli
What is the point of origin for each of the descending tracts?
Pyramidal: Motor Cortex
Extrapyramidal Rubrospinal: Midbrain
Tectospinal: Midbrain
Reticulospinal: Medulla Oblongata
What is secreted from the pre- and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?
Parasympathetic
Preganglionic: ACh
Postganglionic: ACh
Sympathetic
Preganglionic: ACh
Postganglionic: Norepi