Cell Biology
Known as the "control center" of the cell, this organelle houses the cell's genetic material
What is the nucleus?
A solution with a pH value of 2 is considered to be this
What is an acid (or acidic)?
he medical prefix "cardio-" refers to this vital organ.
What is the heart?
Transmitted by infected mosquitoes, this disease caused by a single-celled parasite is widespread in tropical regions.
What is malaria?
Alexander Fleming famously discovered this first true antibiotic in 1928 after mold accidentally contaminated one of his petri dishes.
What is penicillin?
These small cellular structures are responsible for building proteins using instructions from mRNA
What are ribosomes?
These positively charged subatomic particles reside in the nucleus of an atom alongside neutrons.
What are protons?
If a patient has "hyperglycemia," they have high levels of this substance in their blood.
What is sugar (or glucose)?
Caused by a lack of insulin production, "Type 1" of this disease is often diagnosed in childhood or young adulthood.
What is diabetes (or Type 1 Diabetes)?
Jonas Salk developed the first successful vaccine against this paralyzing viral disease in the 1950s.
What is polio (poliomyelitis)?
Often called the "garbage disposal" of the cell, this organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste, damaged organelles, and foreign invaders.
What is a lysosome?
Table salt (NaCl) is held together by this type of chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What is an ionic bond?
The suffix "-itis" (as in appendicitis or arthritis) indicates this physiological process.
What is inflammation?
This famous pandemic killed millions across Europe and was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
What is the Black Death (or the Bubonic Plague)?
Wilhelm Röntgen won the first Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering these electromagnetic waves
What are X-rays?
This type of cellular transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
On the periodic table, elements in the exact same column belong to the same category called a group or this.
What is a family?
A doctor specializing in the kidneys is called this.
What is a Nephrologist?
Scurvy is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of this specific vitamin, historically common among sailors.
What is Vitamin C?
Before modern surgery, Edward Jenner used fluid from cowpox blisters to create the world's very first vaccine, which targeted this deadly disease.
What is smallpox?
Programmed cell death, a normal process used to remove old or damaged cells, is known by this term.
What is apoptosis?
This principle states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
If a patient is diagnosed with "hepatomegaly," they have an abnormal enlargement of this organ.
What is the liver?
This term describes a localized infection that spreads through the bloodstream to affect the entire body.
What is a systemic infection (or sepsis)?
In 1846, doctors at Massachusetts General Hospital performed the first public demonstration of inhaled ether to achieve this medical state for surgery.
What is general anesthesia?