Muscular System
This term describes a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement, also known as a prime mover.
What is an agonist?
These elevated ridges of tissue are found on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres to maximize surface area.
What are gyri?
These two superior chambers of the heart function primarily as the receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart.
What are the right and left atria?
Air moves completely out of the lungs expiration when the pressure inside the lungs reaches this state relative to the atmosphere.
What is greater than atmospheric pressure?
This term encompasses all of the chemical reactions performed within the cells of the body, distinguishing it from the simple physical breakdown of food in the GI tract.
What is metabolism?
When terms like biceps, triceps, or quadriceps form part of a muscle's name, they indicate that the muscle has two, three, or four of these structural attachments.
What are origins?
Lacking photoreceptors entirely, this precise location is where the optic nerve exits the back of the eyeball.
If this specific heart valve fails to close properly, blood can abnormally regurgitate backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.
What is the mitral valve?
This muscular passageway connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to the larynx and esophagus inferiorly.
This J-shaped organ is completely unique within the GI tract for being the only digestive structure built with three distinct layers of smooth muscle.
What is the stomach?
This class of lever is exemplified by the flexing of the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle.
What is a third-class lever?
This specialized region of the frontal lobe is considered a motor speech area and is typically located in only one hemisphere.
What is Broca's area?
When cardiac muscle tissue is acutely deprived of its normal blood supply, cellular damage primarily results from a lack of delivery of this element.
What is oxygen?
While rising carbon dioxide levels and acidosis stimulate ventilation, a rise in this vital sign does not act as a stimulus for breathing.
What is blood pressure?
This vital accessory organ produces a wide mix of digestive enzymes capable of breaking down all categories of foodstuffs.
What is the pancrease?
Featured in the exam's anatomical matching diagrams, this large, diamond-shaped superficial muscle of the back and neck that helps elevate, rotate, and retract the scapula.
What is the trapezius muscle?
Motion sickness and the nausea experienced on swinging amusement park rides stem from a physiological mismatch between these two types of sensory inputs.
What are visual and vestibular inputs?
In an attempt to maintain cardiac output after a dramatic drop in blood volume to massive bleeding, the autonomic nervous system reflexively increases this vital sign.
What is heart rate?
Chronic hypoxemia from advanced emphysema can culminate in right-sided heart failure due to vasovonstriction and increased resistance in this vascular circuit.
What is the pulmonary circuit (leading to pulmonary hypertension)?
The primary digestive function of this large, multi-lobed organ is to produce bile for export into the duodenum.
What is the liver?
When synthesizing an appropriate name for a newly discovered human muscle, anatomists look at criteria including location, action, fiber direction, and this structural feature.
What is the number of origins (or location of attachments)?
If a nerve conduction velocity study shows an impulse taking twice as long to travel from the spine to the foot but the initial stimulus strength remains unchanged, the structural defect points to this structure.
What is the myelin sheath?
A massive pulmonary embolism completely blocking the pulmonary arteries leads to an immediate fluid pressure backup directly straining this heart chamber and these systemic vessels.
What is the right ventricle and the systemic veins (vena cavae)?
Lined rings of hyaline cartilage to maintain an open airway, this tube sits inferior to they larynx and routes air toward the bronchi.
What's the trachea?
These two microscopic structural specializations of the small intestine's mucosal lining are responsible for drastically increasing surface area for absorption.
What are villi and microvilli?