Anatomy and Physiology

Cells

100

Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

200

The three main parts of a cell

Lipid bilayer, cytoplasm, and organelles

300

Three types of passive transport

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

400

Two ways homeostasis is maintained

Positive and negative feedback loops

500

How many phases of mitosis are there, what are their names, and what are their distinguishing features

4 phases

1. Prophase (where loose nuclear DNA condenses into distinct, visible chromosomes

2. Metaphase (duplicated chromosomes condense and align along the center of the cell)

3. Anaphase (chromosomes separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell)

4. Telophase (the cell reverses the structural changes of prophase to re-establish normal cell organization before division)

Skeletal

100

The 2 divisions of the skeleton

Axial and appendicular

200

Bone classifications (5)

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

300

Anatomy of a long bone (2 main sections) and what marrow they have

Diaphysis (yellow marrow) and epiphyses (red marrow)

400

Steps of bone healing (4)

Hematoma, soft Callus formation, hard Callus formation, bone remodeling

500

Vertebrae number in the human body. How many in each section?

24 vertebrae, 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

Integumentary

100

What layer of skin does a first degree burn affect

epidermis

200

What creates your fingerprint

dermal papillae 

300

The white half-moon at the base of the nail is called the

Lunula

400

Most common type of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma

500

Draw on the white board the three layers of skin with the appropriate accessory structures

look at attachment

Framework

100

4 main types of tissue in the body

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

200

Muscle types with voluntary or involuntary

Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary), smooth (involuntary)

300

2 types of nerves and their functions

Neurons (send and receive electrical and chemical signals) and Glial cells (support, protect, and feed neurons)

400

4 types of membranes

Mucous (passageways that open directly to the outside), serous (organs), cutaneous (skin), synovial (joints)

500

Types of epithelial tissue with their location

Simple squamous - lungs, alveoli, capillaries, 

Simple cuboidal - kidneys, bronchioles

Simple columnar - digestive tract, stomach, large intestine, etc

Stratified squamous - epidermis, mouth, esophagus

Transitional - bladder, ureters, urethra

Glandular - wherever cells need to produce and release secretions

Human Body

100

How is the human body organized in 6 levels

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organism

200

5 body cavities and what they hold

Cranial: holds the brain

Vertebral: house the spinal cord

Thoracic: contains the heart and lungs

Abdominal: digestive organs

Pelvic: bladder and reproductive organs

300

Demonstrate the 10 directional terms

superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, midline, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, and bilateral

400

Demonstrate 3 different body planes

Sagittal (medial from lateral)

Transverse (inferior from superior)

Coronal/Frontal (anterior from posterior)

500

Name all the organ systems

Cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary