Anatomy & Physiology Cardiac Review
There are two atrioventricular valves--what are they?
Tricuspid,Mitral-prevent backflow of blood into the atrium-Lub sound
Respiration, the body's taking in of oxygen and removing carbon dioxide involves? What are the two phases of breathing?
What is inspiration and expiration
Which phase is active? Which is passive?
What is the major driving factor for breathing- C02 levels
What are four main types of pathogens?
How do we treat each?
Name the difference between a vector and a fomite
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungus, Parasites
Cdiff-spore
Influenza
What causes the pancreas to secrete insulin
What is the antagonist hormone?
What are other antagonist hormones
Hyperglycemia
Calcitonin (reduce Ca levels stimulates osteoblast activity)/PTH(increase Ca levels/stimulates osteoclasts)
How do vaccines help prevent diseases?
What type of immunity is a vaccine?
What type of immunity is contracting a disease?
Stimulates immunity against specific diseases
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity
Age, family history, genetics, medications and lifestyle choices and weight can impact this
What impacts BP?
List the four chambers of the heart.
Which are pumping chambers? Which are receiving?
Right atrium; right ventricle; left atrium; left ventricle
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
What is coronal plane?
Give an example passive transport
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Filtration
Diffusion
High to low
A decubitus ulcer that involves full thickness loss is what stage ulcer? There is no bone or muscle is visible
Stage 3
How do we treat this?
What nutrition is encouraged?
Pulmonary veins are the only veins which carry _________ blood.
Oxygenated
Think about the respiratory system--Where does gas exchange occur in the body?
What is the bronchial tree
What is aveoli?
Bronchi-Bronchioles-Alveoli
Divides the body into upper and lower sections (superior and inferior)
What is Transverse plane?
Give an example of active transport
Na/K pump--These require energy
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
What occurs during an allergic reaction?
immune system mistakenly identifying harmless substances as threats, leading to an exaggerated immune response.
Histamine is secreted by mast cells which enhances the allergic response
What is the shared structure between the respiratory and digestive systems?
Pharynx
Naso
Oro
Laryngo
Divides the body into right and left planes
What is sagittal plane?
What does midsagittal plane mean?
Away from the midline of the body
What upper arm muscle allows for this movement?
Abduction
Deltoid
These cells are formed after an initial encounter with illness and provide long lasting immunity
A type of T cell
What are memory T cells
The natural pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper right atrium.
What is SA Node?
Reduces surface tension in the lungs and prevents collapse of the alveoli
What is surfactant?
What is an isotonic solution? Hypertonic? Hypotonic?
What is happening with water entering and exiting the cells
water enters and exits the cell at the same time (Normal Saline)
Water exits the cell causing it to shrink (3% NS, D10)
Water enters the cell causing it to swell (0.45%NS, pure water)
Toes pointed upward
Toes pointed downward
What muscles are involved in these movements?
What is the tendon that connects the gastrocnemius to the calcaneus?
Dorsiflexion-Tibialis
Plantar Flexion Gastrocnemius, Soleus
Archilles
What is passive immunity?
Give an example of natural
Give an example of artificial
Passive immunity is the temporary protection against disease Antibodies are given not produced by the individual
Breast feeding a baby and passing antibodies to the infant
Administering immunoglobulin to a patient with cancer