Geography and the Nile
Unlike most major rivers in the world, the Nile River is famous for its unique northward flow, emptying directly into this body of water.
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
The Old Kingdom was ruled by these leaders who were viewed not only as a political kings, but as a living gods on Earth.
Who is the pharaoh?
Marking the start of the Middle Kingdom (2040–1650 B.C.), this king reunited Upper and Lower Egypt after a long era of civil war and political chaos
Who is Mentuhotep II?
Elite professional scribes wrote official documents on durable, paper-like sheets crafted from these plants harvested along the Nile.
What are papyrus reeds
Ancient Egyptian belief was based on polytheism, featuring major gods such as the sun god Ra, Isis, Horus, Anubis, Thoth, and this god who is the judge of the underworld
Who is Osiris
Every summer, ancient Egyptians relied on this predictable natural event to deposit a layer of rich, black soil called silt along the riverbanks.
What is annual flooding?
Prior to the building of stone pyramids, early royal tombs were flat-roofed, rectangular mud-brick structures known by this term.
What are mastabas?
Middle Kingdom expanded Egyptian borders south by conquering this famous African kingdom
What is the Kingdom of Nubia
This powerful female pharaoh expanded Egypt's wealth by organizing famous trade expeditions to Punt and ordering massive temple construction projects near Thebes.
Who is Queen Hatshepsut?
Meaning "sacred carvings," this ancient Egyptian writing system utilized hundreds of pictorial symbols to represent words, sounds, and ideas.
What are hieroglyphics?
Ancient Egyptians contrasted the fertile farmland near the river, known as Kemet, with this dry, dangerous surrounding region called Deshret
What is the black land and red land
Located at Saqqara, the famous Step Pyramid at Saqqara was constructed for Pharaoh Djoser by this renowned chief architect and vizier.
Who is Imhotep?
DAILY DOUBLE: The Middle Kingdom came to an end due to the Hyksos invasion, when foreign invaders from the Levant seized Lower Egypt and established their capital city at this location
What is Avaris?
The royal tomb designated KV62 became world-famous when this archaeologist discovered it virtually untouched in 1922, containing the intact burial treasures of King Tutankhamun.
Who is Howard Carter?
Located south of Egypt, the Kingdom of Kush featured King Piankhi, who conquered Egypt, and built an ironworking industrial center at this capital city.
What is Meroë?
Navigation along the southern stretches of the Nile was blocked by steep rocky river rapids, while the river's northern mouth formed a fan-shaped marshland region.
What are cataracts and deltas
Constructed during the Old Kingdom, this landmark complex outside of Giza includes the Great Pyramid, the Second Pyramid, and a limestone monument known as the Great Sphinx commissioned by these two Pharaohs
Who are the Pharaohs Khufu and Khafre
The invading Hyksos transformed Egyptian warfare by introducing these three improvements to Egyptian military technology
What are chariots, composite bows, and scale armor?
During his long 66-year reign, Pharaoh Ramses II directed the building of monumental rock-cut temples fronted by huge statues of himself at this landmark location.
What is Abu Simbel?
DAILY DOUBLE: This famous Egyptian art style depicts the head and legs drawn in profile but the shoulders, chest, and arms drawn as if they were facing the front
What is frontalism
To move river water into high fields, Egyptian farmers invented this bucket-and-lever lifting device, greatly improving their irrigation canal systems.
What is a shadoof?
Modern historical evidence refutes old myths, showing that pyramid construction was powered primarily by these workers during the annual flood season.
Who are peasant farmers?
This Egyptian ruler drove out the Hyksos occupiers, using their own adapted weapon technologies against them to liberate Egypt and start the New Kingdom.
Who is Pharaoh Ahmose?
Fought between Ramses II and the Hittites, this conflict ended in a stalemate and produced the world's first peace treaty which was called what
What is the Treaty of Kadesh?
Discovered in 1799, the Rosetta Stone unlocked ancient Egyptian writing because its inscription was duplicated in hieroglyphics, greek, and this language.
What is demotic