Leaders
In a ________________, all citizens meet to debate and vote on government matters
Direct Democracy (Athens)
__________________was originally located north of the Persian Gulf in the Middle East.
Persia
For almost two years, Athens remained safe. Then deadly ___________ broke out within the overcrowded city's population. More than a third of the people died, including Pericles. During the next 25 years, each side won some victories but was unable to defeat its opponent.
Finally, Sparta made a deal with the _____________________. The Spartans agreed to give the ___________________ some Greek territory in _______________. In return, Sparta received enough Persian gold to build its own navy.
In 405 b.c., Sparta's newly built navy destroyed the Athenian fleet. Sparta then placed a blockade around Athens, preventing food and other supplies from entering the city. ____________, the Athenians finally surrendered a year later.
Disease
Persian Empire
Anatolia
Starving
How did Pericles choose people for positions in the government in Athens?
Pericles appointed people to government jobs based upon their abilities and qualifications rather than their social class and wealth.
In what Greek City-State did women have more freedoms and opportunities?
Sparta because they could own property and receive some education to fill the positions males could not occupy because they were in the Spartan military.
__________________called the city of Athens "the school of Greece."
Pericles
In a __________________________, such as the one we have in the United States today, citizens elect a smaller group of people. This group represents them, makes laws, and governs on their behalf.
representative democracy
In a battle soon after the ___________________ started, Sparta and its allies surrounded Athens. They knew that, in an open battle, they could easily defeat the Athenian army. _________________ understood the weakness of the Athenian troops. He chose to keep his army and the people within the walls of the surrounded city. The powerful Athenian navy would bring supplies to the city from its colonies and allies. _______________ lacked a navy and could not stop the Athenian ships.
Peloponnesian War
Pericles
Sparta
What jobs did Athenian slaves do?
Athenian enslaved people worked on farms or in the shops of artisans. They also performed hard labor. Enslaved women worked as cooks, servants, and tutors.
To link their large empire, the _______________ improved the network of roads begun by the Assyrians. The most important route, _____________________, ran more than ______________from Persia to Anatolia. Travelers could obtain food, water, and fresh horses at roadside stations along the route. Using _______________________, messengers could travel from Persia to Anatolia in just _____ days. That same journey had taken three months before the road was built.
Persians
Royal Road
1,500 miles
Royal Road
Seven Days
Divided the Persian Empire into Satrapies or Provinces to make government more efficient.
Darius I
Because the league at first had its headquarters on the island of ________________, it became known as the _______________________.
Delos
Delian LeagueThe War between Athens and Sparta
Peloponnesian War
What was the most important accomplishment of Pericles?
Pericles's most important accomplishments were leading the city of Athens, expanding democratic government there, and dominating the Delian League.
From west to east, the Persian Empire stretched a distance of some __________________. This is about the size of the continental _______________ today.
3,000 miles
United States
__________________held his growing empire together by treating conquered peoples fairly. He allowed them to keep their own languages, religions, and laws. In addition, _______________ decided that the Jews exiled in ______________ would be allowed to return to their homeland.
Cyrus
Babylon
Historians call the conflict between Athens and Sparta the Peloponnesian War because most of the fighting occurred at _____________________.
Peloponnesus
After ______________________ in the Peloponnesian War, city-states fought and failed to notice the growing threat from the kingdom of ______________ to the north. _______________ strength and desire for expansion would eventually cost the Greek city-states their independence.
Sparta defeated Athens
Macedonia
Athens has been called what 2 names?
School of Greece
Creative Wonderland of the Mediterranean
How did Darius I and other Persian rulers unite their vast empire?
They divided the empire into satrapies and assigned important government responsibilities to each satrap governor. They also treated their conquered peoples fairly.
_____________ taught that there was one supreme god. This deity was called _____________, or "___________________." ____________________ was the creator of all things and the leader of the forces of good
Zoroaster
Ahura Mazda
Wise Lord
Ahura Mazda
Greece is made up of many _______________ and rugged _________________ which made its _______________ fiercely independent.
Islands
Mountains
City-States
Why/How did Sparta defeat Athens in the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta made a deal with the Persian Empire to acquire Persian Gold to create a strong navy to defeat the Athenians. Sparta gave the Persians territory in Anatolia.
At what age did Sparta take children from their homes to serve and train for the military? When could they retire?
Age 7
Age 60
The Persians suffered a terrible defeat to the Athenians at __________. According to Greek legend, a young messenger raced ___________ from Marathon to Athens with news of the victory. When the runner reached Athens, he cried out "Victory" and then collapsed and died from exhaustion. Today's marathon races are named for that famous run and are just over ____________long.
Marathon
25 miles
26 miles