Geography
Describe the physical terrain of ancient Greece.
Where did Minoan civilizations settle and flourish?
What is the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea?
What contributions of Greece resulted from the Dark Ages?
What are the Greek alphabet, epic poems (Iliad and Odyssey), and a renewed loyalty to specific city states?
Athens is responsible for the first _____________; gives citizens the right to vote and share control of the city-state.
What is democracy?
What are the three forms of early government?
What are monarchy, oligarchy, and aristocracy?
How did the geography of Greece influence the development of city states?
What is high mountains and surrounding plains and hills separated cities from one other? Communities became independent and formed city-states.
Who was King Minos and why is he important in understanding the Minoan culture?
What is he was a mythological king of Crete who built a labyrinth under his palace that housed a Minotaur? The Minoans are named after him.
What is the setting for Homer's epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey?
What is during the Trojan War?
This temple is at the top of the acropolis in Athens, and is dedicated to the goddess Athena.
What is the Parthenon?
What was the function of the polis as it developed in Greek civilization?
Ancient Greece is often described as a _________________; a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides.
What is a peninsula?
How did the Mycenaeans gain wealth and power?
What is they established maritime trade, conquered other regions and acquired land, copied the Minoan civilization and build a foundation, and fought wars?
Many of the political buildings in the US, such as the White House, Lincoln Memorial, and Capitol building were influenced by this ancient Greek contribution:
What is architecture?
What effect did Sparta's commitment to the military have on other aspects of its society and culture?
What is the focus on military dominance led to lack of philosophers, artisans, scholars, etc.
What did the polis look like? (structure)
What is at the highest point (hilltop) was an acropolis that served as a refuge/religious center. Outside of the acropolis is the agora, which was a marketplace and social center. Neighborhoods were beyond that.
Why did many city-states form on the edges of islands and not inland?
What is access to water allowed their city-states to flourish, including encouraging maritime trade with other areas?
What led to the decline of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations?
Minoan: Natural disasters or invaders (did not have walls; relied on the navy for protection)
Mycenaeans: Fighting among kingdoms, natural disasters, invaders which included the Sea People
Every four years, we hold games to commemorate these games introduced by the ancient Greeks to appease Zeus
What are the Olympics?
Describe the structure of Spartan society for men, women, and children.
Men: Fought in the military until the age of 60, then either joined the council or trained young men in military strategies.
Women: Educated, controlled the homefront while men were at war or training, held jobs other than military.
Children: Boys- trained at the agoge from the age of 7-20; often endured harsh training that included beatings, starvation, and rough weather. Girls - educated in school until 19 then allowed to marry and hold a job. Trained in sports as well.
Who were Darius I and Xerxes?
Who are Persian emperors?
The majority of Greek trade was carried out around what body of water?
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
In what ways were the Mycenaeans similar to and different from the Minoans?
Different: Built a city wall to protect their civilization. Warriors were at the top of the social order beneath the kings.
Why was the Greek adoption of the Phoenician alphabet and important ancient development?
How was the daily life for Spartan men, women, and children different from daily life for Athenian men, women, and children?
Spartan: Men went to the agoge for 13 yrs and then fought in the military until 60. Married, but spent time away from home. Women were educated and held jobs and citizenship to Sparta. Girls went to school (boys-agoge).
Athenian: Men were granted citizenship and voted on customs, got an education and trained in the military for two years. Women did not hold citizenship in Athens and took care of the children and household. They were heavily dependent on men. Boys went to school and girls learned at the house.
Why do you think triremes were effective as warships?
What is Greek triremes were smaller, faster, and maneuverable than larger ships? They were built specifically for battle and powered by up to 170 rowers, 80 rowers per side.