GREEK VOCABULARY
This Greek word means an independent city-state.
What is Polis?
This type of government gives power to a small group, usually wealthy or powerful people.
What is an Oligarchy?
This Greek city-state developed a society focused heavily on military discipline and warfare.
What is Sparta?
The Greeks defeated the Persians at this famous battle in 490 BCE.
What is the Battle of Marathon?
This Macedonian king conquered the Greek city-states and defeated the Greeks at Chaeronea.
Who is Philip II?
This was the fortified hill located at the center of a Greek city-state.
What is the Acropolis?
This type of government gives supreme political power to the people.
What is Democracy?
These state-owned slaves were forced to work the land for the Spartans.
What are Helots?
This Spartan force delayed the Persian invasion at this famous mountain pass.
What are the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae?
He became king of Macedonia at age 20 and created one of the largest empires of the ancient world.
Who is Alexander the Great?
This open marketplace also served as a public meeting place.
What is the Agora?
This leader seized complete control of a Greek city-state, often using force.
What is a Tyrant?
This group of five elected officials held political power in Sparta.
What are the Ephors?
The Greeks defeated the Persian navy at this naval battle.
What is the Battle of Salamis?
Alexander defeated Darius III at this battle in 331 BCE, giving him control of the Persian Empire.
What is the Battle of Gaugamela?
This rectangular military formation allowed Greek soldiers to protect one another with their shields.
What is the Phalanx?
This principle says that laws should apply equally to everyone.
What is the Rule of Law?
This city-state became famous for democracy, education, philosophy, art, and culture.
What is Athens?
This term refers to the golden age of ancient Athens when Athens became a major center of culture and democracy.
What is the Age of Pericles?
This era began after Alexander's conquests and was characterized by the spread and mixing of Greek and Eastern cultures.
What is the Hellenistic Era?
This Greek idea described excellence, virtue, and achieving one's highest potential.
What is Arete?
This group of 500 officials was created by Cleisthenes to help supervise government affairs and propose laws.
What is the Council of 500?
Name two major differences between Sparta and Athens.
Possible answers include:
In this form of government, citizens directly participate in making decisions rather than electing representatives to make all decisions for them.
What is Direct Democracy?
Name two achievements or ideas from Hellenistic science and philosophy.
Possible answers: